NATIONAL ARMY THE MOST INDEPENDENT EARTH ARMY II
planet WAR
The Polish State, reborn after 1 100 and twenty-three years of captivity as the Second Republic, did not cease to be after German and russian aggression in September 1939. The illegal 4th partition of the Republic's lands and its temporary business did not abolish the sovereignty of the state and the continuity of the Polish authorities throughout its area was maintained.
The Polish State continued as an underground state, led from the free land of allies by full legal primaries, president of the Republic, Government and Chief
The commander and their national representations under the most hard conditions of both occupations and unprecedented terror, fulfilled almost all of his assigned commanding, organizing, military and caring functions.
The highest power in the underground state was exercised by the Government Delegate to the Country, since May 1944 in the rank of Deputy Prime Minister, leading the privatised civilian administration of the Government Delegate at central level, in voivodships and counties, regardless of the artificial boundaries which the occupiers shared the lands of the Second Republic.
In the course of the September campaign, an underground military and political authorities with independency objectives were launched. Union of the Polish Armed Forces
Underground states were a conspiracy, military-political organization called the Polish triumph Service (SZP). Its continuation was constituted by the General Władysław Sikorski of the Armed Combat Union (ZWZ) strictly subordinate to the emigration government. On December 4, 1939, General Kazimierz Sosnkowski issued instructions on the creation of the ZWZ. W
Unlike the assumptions of the SZP, which was expected to organize combat and sabotage actions, the instruction for the OGM, brought to the country in January 1940, assumed a long period of time
Preparatory. The union was to be a national, cross-party and strictly military organization, separated from political communication committees.
CONCLUSION OF THE BROWN FIGHT
General Kazimierz Sosnkowski (Godemb's coat of arms) was headed by the WWZ, to which the Gen. Stefan Grot-Rowecki as commander of the German business area and Gen. Michał Tokarzewski-Karaszewicz – as commander of the russian business area. The defeat of France and the transfer of the Polish emigration government to London coincided with the change of the command strategy of the underground army. On June 18, 1940, General Rowecki was appointed Deputy Chief Chief of the General gathering with the right to decide in the event of a failure of communication with the government, and on June 30, a Central Command of the General gathering with Rowecki was established in a dispatch already sent from England. It contained guidelines in 3 stages: – conspiracy, widespread uprising, – reconstruction of the armed forces. The first was to be the preparation of the second. He predicted the construction of an armed force which, in due time, would fight the occupier at the command of the Chief Leader.
He besides set out circumstantial tasks for the EGM in the field of current combat, specified as interviews, diversion and sabotage, retaliation, self-defense, the elimination of gunfire and confiscation, the elimination of the most dangerous and harmful officers of the panic apparatus of both occupiers, propaganda and assistance to the most deprived.
The second stage, the universal uprising, assumed liberation of the lands by the Polish forces of the underground army. The last version of it was Operation Storm.
ZWZ operated during the most hard period of Polish and Polish conspiracy. The Nazi war device ran from triumph to victory. The hopes of the imminent defeat of Germany, fed by the Poles, were shattered.
It was understood that we would gotta wait for her for a long time. By force of things, this inhibited the improvement of the underground army. Still, her forces continued to grow in both occupations. According to the Chief Command of London, the unification of armed organizations formed by various environments was besides slow.
THE NATIONAL ARMY, THE CIRTY, THE SEARCH
On February 14, 1942, the ZWZ was renamed the National Army, which was to undertake an underground integration action. The AK was headed by Chief General Grot-Rowecki. Another change in the name of the underground army has not changed the essence, tasks, strategical objectives,
Subordination. It remained the same army, only grew in numbers (at the end of 1942 there were about 200,000 soldiers), led to the end of construction of structures
territorial and command, intensified the fight. The organizational grid created by the OGM remained fundamentally unchanged.
The National Army operated in 17 districts which corresponded to 17 provinces of the Second Republic. The districts were divided into circuits – in early 1944 there were 280 of them.
The intermediate cell was the subdistrict. Depending on the needs of the districts and subdistricts, regional inspectorates were created, focusing on respective circuits, while in the circuits – regions covering respective facilities. The combat unit was a platoon full of 35-50 people, or a skeleton, grouping 16-25 people, designed to be replenished after announcing a state of alertness. In February 1944, the National Army had 6287 platoons full and 2613 skeletons. This division passed the exam well and fundamentally
continued until the end of the occupation. The primary intent of the AK's operations was self-defense and the preparation of a widespread uprising at the time of the collapse of Germany. For now, no open fight was planned against the occupier, as it had no chance of success before the decisive decisions in the planet War, and could consequence in an incalculable
loss.
Since its inception, the AK has been a mass organization, expanding its ranks by recruiting volunteers and continuing the unitary action launched by the Union of Combat
Armed. From 1940 to 1944, the Polish Army, the Polish Armed Organization ("Znak") joined the AK., People's Guards, PPS – WRN, Secret Military Organization, Armed Confederation, Socialist Combat Organization, Polish Freedom Union and
partly National Military Organization, Peasants Battalions and National Armed Forces. Outside the AK, the People's Army, the Polish People's Army and another smaller organizations remained.
The number of AK soldiers sworn in at the beginning of 1942 was around 100,000, at the beginning of 1943 about 200 thousand, in the summertime of 1944 about 380 thousand, including about 10,8 1000 officers, 7.5 1000 subjects and 87.9 1000 enlisted officers. The AK staff recruited from officers and sub-commissioned officers of the pre-September army and from the graduates of the secret Substitute School School of Reserves and Substitute Courses of Infantry Petty Officers, as well as transferred to the country of officers, alleged silent.
Since 1943, companies and battalions have been created in the sub-units of the Home Army Headquarters, including: “Zośka”), (“Parasol”), (“Miotła”), (“Chata”), since 1944 –
regiments, brigades, divisions, regimental and divisional groups. National Army personnel were besides powered by the silent ones – selected soldiers of the Polish Army in the West, 316 of whom were transferred by air to the country. They were an highly valuable and militant part of the diversion management.
All activities and forces of the AK were headed by its commander, besides utilizing the title ‘Commander of the Armed Forces in the Country’. After General Grot-Rowecki was arrested by the Gestapo (30 June 1943), he became General Tadeusz Komorowski – “Bór”. The 3rd and final commander of the AK was Gen. Leopold Okulicki - ‘The Bear’, ‘The Cobra’. Due to the fact that the AK constituted the main part of the Polish armed forces, its commander was straight subject to the Chief Chief, in whose staff there was a peculiar unit for communication with the country. The command authority of the AK commander was the office Staff, His boss was besides the deputy commander. The Main Command besides included the KG Diversification Management (Kedyw) created in October 1942 by the merger of AK's sabotage and diversion units – the Union of Revenge and the "Wachlarz". His next bosses were: Colonel August Emil Fieldorf “Nil” (from autumn 1942 to February 1944), followed by Colonel Jan Mazurkiewicz “Radosław”. The Head of the Military Offices was besides located in the General Headquarters, which headed the construction of the universal militarized administration created for the period of establishment.
The weapons collected by the AK came from stocks buried by Polish troops after September 1939, purchases and acquisitions, own production and discharges. The weapons were secretly manufactured in private plants or in their own underground workshops, which provided AK with device guns specified as Lightning and Sten, flamethrowers, mines, bombs, grenades and explosives. In July 1942, Chief General AK Gen.
Rowecki decided to decision from passive opposition to limited combat, which intensified with each month. The propaganda run was besides intensified, strengthening the nation’s religion in victory. Its fragment was an "N" action addressed to the Wehrmacht soldiers, and making them aware of the imminent defeat of the 3rd Reich. The strength of the current conflict intensified after the creation of Kedyw. The Home Army troops carried out 1175 shares and derailments of trains, blew 38 bridges, damaged 19,058 wagons, destroyed 1167 petrol tanks, burned 272 military warehouses, destroyed 4,326 military cars, liquidated as part of self-defense, over 2,000 Gestapo agents. The AK commander besides had a peculiar squad dedicated to combating the elder officers of the Nazi panic apparatus. It was the Wasp (Special Action Organisation). There was besides a branch of the “Wachlarz” moving operations in the back of the east Front. Kedyw joined the Conspiracy Fight Management with the Commandant
Major AK at the head. Groups of scouts from the Grey Lines began to visit Kedyw's wards, which organized their own diversion units.
ACTION UNDER ARSENAL, THE ASSISTANCE TADEUSH
In March 1943, Tadeusz “Zośka” – Zawadzki’s branch led by Stanisław Orza – Broniewski, Chief of Warsaw Chorągwa, captured 25 prisoners, including Jan Rudego – Bytnar from the attack groups of the Grey ranks. Kedyw besides expanded guerrilla troops in the field. This action accelerated the displacement of the Polish population from Zamość, to which they were opposed by force, along with the Peasants' Battalions in December 1942, the conflict of Woja and in February 1943 under Zaboreczne. On July 5, 1943, the delegate of the government and the chief commandant of the AK merged the civilian Combat Management with the Conspiracy Combat Management at the Underground Combat Management (KWP).
CRYPTONIM ‘BURZA’
Since then, all actions against the occupier were coordinated by the KWP. In late 1943, the AK commander issued an order to the area and territory commanders containing
guidelines for increased sabotage and diversion action, given the codename “Burza”. It predicted an armed action against the Germans and the taking over of power in liberated areas before the Red Army entered, which the AK wanted to welcome as a host of the area. The “Burza” actions continued from January to autumn 1944. It became a large conflict fought in a vast area. It started in Volyn, due to the fact that for the first time russian troops were in the territory of the Second Republic. 27 Volynska Infantry Division under the command of Colonel Jan Kiperski - “Oliwa” was broken by the NKWD.
The culmination of the “Burza” at the Northeastern Borders was “The Sharp Gate”, which lasted from 7 to 13 July in the conflict of Vilnius. Through the Lublin Earth, “Burza” rolled over in the last decade of July. As the front moved westward it moved and "Burza". She passed through Białostockie and Podlasie, through Rzeszów and Krakowskie, and took over the Sandomierski Inspectorate. During its duration, the Home Army beat Germans together with the Red Army.
ARMY RED v ‘BURZY’
When the AK troops performed their task, they were surrounded and disarmed. Officers were taken to russian camps. The subjects and privates were incorporated into Berling's army. Many
It's gone. Many must have been hiding. The military objectives of the “Burs” were achieved, but their political effects were different. The Warsaw Uprising was an integral part of “Burza”, its apogee and culmination. On July 21, 1944, Gen. Tadeusz Komorowski, ps. “Bór”, “Znicz”, “Lawina”, “Korczak” (born June 1, 1895 in Chorobrowa, died August 24, 1966 in Buckley, England) was a general of the Polish Army division, commander of the National Army, Chief Leader, bachelor of the Order of the White Eagle and Virtuti Militari, incorporated Warsaw into the action “Burza” in accordance with the instructions of the chief commander of 7 July 1944.
WARSZAW RECOVERY
The Warsaw Uprising, the longest and bloodiest conflict of the Home Army, the largest anti-Hitler underground military operation in the full occupied Europe, for a period of 2 months tied crucial German forces, forcing the Wehrmacht command to change operational plans. The Warsaw Uprising began on 1 August 1944 at 17:00. Although the armed action plans were not to begin until 24 hours after the emergency call was made, the fight began just before the hr “W”
between concentrated Polish troops and patrols or smaller German troops. Warsaw has been divided into 7 districts: Śródmieście, Mokotów, Żoliborz, Wola, Ochota, Prague, and Ogroża (the "Obroża") – the territory of Warsaw, and a separate area ("Okęcie"). The fight in the city itself was about 38
thousands of soldiers, and about 11,000 suburban soldiers. Due to the terrible orders given on the eve of the uprising, including the return to east districts
The large arms batches together with ammunition (totaling about 900 device guns) the weapons of the AK troops were fatal.
As of February 29, 1944, the territory of Warsaw had a full of 20 dense device guns, 98 hand device guns, 604 device guns, 1386 rifles, 2665 guns,
2 anti-tank cannons, 2 piats, 12 anti-tank weapon guns, 50,000 grenades and 5,000 ignition bottles. The uprising must have fallen due to the fact that the forces were uneven, and effective aid from nowhere came. After 63 days of heroic fighting, the Home Army commanders decided to surrender, which he signed in Ożarów on 2 October 1944. Gen. “Bór” – Komorowski. On 19 January 1945, General Leopold Okulicki dissolved the AK. Losses of the AK amounted to about 100,000 dead and murdered soldiers, about 50,000 were exported to the ZSRS and imprisoned, e.g. in Riazan, Borowicz and Ostashkov. General Okulicki, who was tried in the trial of sixteen, was sent to Moscow prison. In the face of the repression of russian and Polish safety services, not all branches of the Home Army obeyed the order for demobilization, including the execution of the order refused by the territory of Bialystock. fresh conspiracy organisations have been created, specified as the National Army opposition Movement (ROAK), the Freedom and independency Association (WIN). The AK soldiers were persecuted by communist authorities, especially during the Stalinism period, many of them were sentenced to death penalty, or to years of imprisonment.
The National Army was 1 of the most many underground armies in Europe, operating in a country occupied by enemy troops. Its organization, discipline, training and scale of combat activities confirmed that it was an crucial military force – the Army of the Polish Underground State.
Documents, quotations, sources:
Longin Tomaszewski; Vilnius Chronicle 1939-1941. Pomost Publishing House. Warszawa 1990,
Lesław Marian Bartelski: AK. T. 1, Underground Army 27 IX 1939 – 30 VI 1943. Warsaw: “Text”, 1990. ISBN 83-85188-00-2.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zwi%C4%85zek Walki Zbronna
http://www.sciaga.pl/text/57139-58
http://sciaga.pl/tekt/57139-58-armia national top underground armia ii planet war
