11 July we celebrate 80 – this anniversary Bloody Sunday in Volyn. Various patriotic environments in Poland request that the president of Ukraine apologise to Poles. To be honest, I do not realize why the president of Ukraine should apologize to Poles for crimes in Volyn and east Małopolska, since Ukraine, as a state, was created July 16, 1991. In 1943 Volyn belonged to Reichs Division Ukraine, and Małopolska East to General Government. The business authorities are liable for order in the subordinate area, so it is the Germans we should resent. Besides, as the portal says blogpress.pl:
"UN-UPA murdered about 200,000 people in total, as calculated by Viktor Poliszczuk, who devoted half his life to examining these cases. He barely saved himself from Ukrainian extermination, and comes from a mixed Polish-Ukrainian family. due to the fact that the UPA murdered 120 1000 Poles, but besides 80 1000 Ukrainians – those who refused to comply, to quit children for service or those who helped Poles. However, there were besides mixed families. For UPA they were racially corrupt people.”
And this is where we get to the interesting thing. Jews complain at Poles that they were part of the Holocaust, but nevertheless admit the heroism of any of them and grant them medals Righteous Among the Nations. someway I did not hear that, e.g.IPN granted heroic Ukrainians saving the lives of Poles in Volyn a akin distinction. Nor have I heard of a day of remembrance dedicated to them, or at least a memorial to them.
But for now, let us skip the issue of apology, monuments and redress and focus on the course of events in Volyn, east Małopolska and the planet at that time.
Let us look at the background of events in Western Ukraine (Wikipedia):
‘After start liquidation of ghettos and mass demolition of the judaic population (beginning 1942), Ukrainian Auxiliary Police co-operated with SS and German police on the raids in ghettos and convoy of Jews to execution sites, besides taking part in executions. W The Holocaust was murdered by a force camera Third Reich About 150 1000 Jews in Volyn and 455 1000 in east Małopolska.”
We see that, under the supervision of experienced Germans, future staff are forging, which will execution Poles.
"This created a climate of social indifference for violence, crime and yet mass crime – genocide. The extermination of Jews became an example for Ukrainian nationalists how to remove Poles”
And now how and why were guerrilla movements formed in that area:
"In 1942, the ruthless conduct of the German authorities (high quotas, armed economy, executions) led to the fast improvement of the partisan movement in Volyn. In addition to groups not associated with any political organization and russian partisans, 3 Ukrainian guerrilla formations were formed: so-called. First UPA (largest), military troops CNS-M and tiny branches CNS-SD (CNS-R, later CNS-B). However, the CNS-SD units were most dynamic. They were the only ones who decided to unite all Ukrainian guerrilla armed groups (often by force) and to immediately undertake guerrilla battles. In March and April 1943, there was a mass defection of police officers in Volyn. Ukrainian Auxiliary Police. Part of the deserters were powered by OUN-B, OUN-M and UPA’
I'm not gonna rewrite the order of murders, due to the fact that anyone can read it on the net and in books. In short, I can compose that the first large Ukrainian execution took place on February 9, 1943 in Paros Firstwhere 173 Poles were killed, and the top number of murders took place in July, August and inactive at the turn of 1943 and 44:
"The last wave of attacks in Volyn occurred in early 1944. utilizing the withdrawal of German garrisons before approaching Red Army, UPA troops and CNS militias attacked the defenceless Polish population. On 2 February 1944 129 refugees from Lagoon. 13 February in respective localities close Vladimir Volynski About 140 Poles were killed in total. The same period at the monastery in Cherries SB OUN militia murdered about 300 people, mostly women and children.”
And who made the decision to execution Poles and gave orders? Wikipedia besides gives us the answer to this question:
‘The work for giving an order to participate in the cultural cleansing of UPA is Dmytro Klaczkiwskips. ‘Fawur Head’, Regional Commander UPA-North[34] with Vasyl Iwakhov and Ivan Łytwynczak. “
Some 3 guys make up cultural cleansing and everybody listens to them. Interesting. I erstwhile declared myself master of the universe and ordered the slaughter of all freckles. And what was the result? None. It's okay. Nothing at all. Why? due to the fact that nobody listened to me. No 1 listened to me due to the fact that there was no money behind me and it was immense money. I fishy there was a very large money behind these gentlemen. First of all, people request to be motivated to execution like this. Of course, there are always a fewer "passionates" who will pay to be able to murder. But most people are reluctant. They want to be left alone. So we request instructors to train those who are expected to motivate others to kill. And that costs money. Besides, specified troops gotta eat something, wear something, sleep somewhere, etc. And most of all, they gotta shoot something. I fishy the weapon carried by escaped police officers wasn't adequate for long. How much could they get out of police stations? So individual supplied them with weapons, and most of all ammunition. Of course they were murdered with ax, saws, and another tools, but after all, ammunition was besides used. And most importantly, individual powerful was protecting Ukrainian bandits, due to the fact that as I quoted Wikipedia earlier:
“In 1942, the ruthless conduct of the German authorities (high quotas, robbery economy, executions) led to the fast improvement of the partisan movement in Volyn.”
So there were guerrillas and Ukrainians and Polish and judaic and others, but the gangs of Ukrainian murderers were like nothing. In fact, they weren't disturbed by anyone. It is worth leaning over the issue of why the Ukrainian guerrilla so rapidly and so lushly developed in contrast to Polish (Historical courier).
"According to Grzegorz Motyka, as many as 50,000 Ukrainians (out of 5 million) could be active in the crimes in Volyn and Red Rusia, with UPA not more than 35 1000 members. Giving the massacres a “boy character” was intentional. In this way, they wanted to camouflage that it was organized action.”
The answer comes to itself. individual financed Ukrainians more than Poles. Napoleon has already given the golden thought that 3 things are needed to wage war: money, money and money again. And from somewhere, that money went to the Ukrainians. Not much, of course, someone, until then, provided them with crucial immunity.
Let us consider who surely did not finance the improvement of the Ukrainian guerrilla during the Volyn massacre. Let's first look at the rich Ukrainian diaspora, for example, in the US. Wikipedia supply specified data:
“Loyal partisans to the OUN Bandera murdered tens of thousands of Ukrainian compatriots, suspected of ties to Borage be Melnyk. Although no 1 has yet examined the issue, most likely in 1943 UPA murdered as many Ukrainians as Poles”
I am afraid that no of the Ukrainian sponsors from overseas would have financed specified a venture, due to the fact that it could have ruined his business.
Let us look at Germany (Wikipedia):
‘After German attack on the USSR Volyn was incorporated into the formed on 1 September 1941. Reichs Division Ukraine. Hitler In accordance with his east policy, he treated Ukraine as a material base of the 3rd Reich and did not foresee the existence of an administration another than German. Its main nonsubjective was economical exploitation, based on advanced Quotas imposed on the population.’
On the portal == sync, corrected by elderman == We can read:
"The organization of large guerrilla forces continued until 1943, erstwhile it was known that Germany would not be able to keep any promises. The quotas for the Wehrmacht grew, and 1 of the tasks of the recently created militia was to fight the Ukrainians from taking food.”
"Germany, whose activity of the bandiers was besides beginning to be unattractive, as the supply of grain quotas, meats, etc. ceased, and the individual gangs besides attacked German offices in the field, agreed to establish a police force composed of Poles, seeing in peculiar the anticipation of drawing their own benefits from the Ukrainian-Polish conflict"
‘History Stop” states specified facts:
"The announcement of future events was the actions of the first sotnia (companie) UPA. On the night of 7 to 8 February 1943, the Ukrainian troops attacked the Volynian town of Włodzimierzec and killed six Cossacks from the garrison and their German commander. respective others were taken prisoner.”
"At the same time, the battles with German troops, frequently victorious for Ukrainians, were continued, although in the CNS tactics it was already accepted that much strength should be preserved to face the USSR, the largest enemy of Ukrainian independence."
That's enough, portal. blogpress.pl states that Germany:
"They even frequently left arms to Polish self-defense troops erstwhile retreating."
It is clear that the Germans were not the initiators of this crime, and they wanted to use, at most, interior games for their purposes “subhumans“
And now the russian Union. Already early I quoted the portal stophistory.pl, where the CNS considered the russian Union the top threat. Bigger than German. Wikipedia besides clears the USSR from the function of criminal initiator:
"The soviets' explanation of Polish-Ukrainian relations is contested by Grzegorz Hryciukwho does not see the anticipation of russian or German provocation erstwhile deciding on cultural cleansing. besides according to fresh statements (2011) Grzegorz Motyka's hypothesis of russian provocation erstwhile deciding on cultural cleansing should be rejected. There is no documented case of a robbery disguised as UPA. encavudists to any Polish village. Prosecutor Piotr Zając, from the Department of Investigation of Crimes Against the Polish Nation, besides believes that the order for extermination was placed in the leadership environments of the CNS-UPA, and the another determining factors for genocide were the mass participation of the affected Ukrainian peasants in massacres and Ukrainian nationalism. As he noted Timothy Snyder, a akin social and historical situation was in the area of present Belarus, but there were no cleaning in Poles. The difference was a nationalist ideology that was not widespread among the Belarusians."
So the russian Union besides falls out as a sponsor of slaughter.
How about the Japanese? I don't think so, due to the fact that they were already having quite a few problem with the Americans in the Pacific.
Isn't it the Americans?
The president of the United States at the time Franklin Delano Roosevelt He wanted to make a global hegemon from the United States and all his policies were subject to this goal. The nipponese in the Pacific and a formal ally – Britain – were an obstacle to this goal. After German attack on russian Union Roosevelt/www.youtube.com/embed/-jDAO08vU9c
target=’_ blank’ rel=’noopener’> was passionate about the country of the Council and its leader Stalin. It was most likely not selfless love, but selfless love. In 1944, Roosevelt spoke Notable words:
"I don't care if the neighbouring countries with Russia are composed"
Furthermore, Roosevelt belonged to secret associations:
"It was Franklin Delano Roosevelt, admitted to the Masonry at the age of 29, president of the United States from the age of 51. erstwhile he announced his postwar construction program of the planet "on the foundation of 4 fundamental freedoms" (founded upon 4 essential freedoms) – 6 January 194l- he was 59 years of age and 30 years of Masonic internship."
In addition to masonry, Roosevelt was a associate Bohemian Grove. His engagement in secret societies and unusual love for the russian Union may be related to the alleged map of Gomberg, or “The outline of the postwar fresh planet map”, which is shown below.
I've written about map of Gomberg:
“Probably this war had already settled before it started, as it was with planet War II, which can be seen map of Gomberg (below) whose drawing was completed in October 1941, that is, erstwhile German troops were under Moscow, and the war with Japan in the Pacific had not yet begun. “
This map is an astonishingly accurate rendering of postwar spheres of influence especially in Europe and Asia, including the establishment of the State of Israel. 2 countries were to dominate: the US and the USSR, and Britain's influence was to decline dramatically.
The people who commissioned this map to be deleted were most likely Roosevelt's powers, thanks to which he repeatedly became president of the United States.
And finally, Britain. By Wikipedia:
"In 1925, the British Empire inhabited about 478 million people, a 4th of the world's population at the time. It had about 34.8 million km2 of land, i.e. almost a 4th of Earth's land surface. As a result, his political, legal and cultural heritage, as well as his EnglishIt has spread in many parts of the world. At the tallness of its power it was frequently referred to as “an empire over which the sun never sets“ For thanks to its vastness there has always been specified a territory belonging to it, where the day lasted.”
The British elite surely knew Gomberg's map. It must have been a shock to them, due to the fact that in 20 years, the elite of the world's top empire would have become errand boys for Americans and Russians. planet evidence in the failure of power and property. Looking at calendar of 1943 everything indicated that the black nightmare of the British elite, or Gomberg's map, would become a reality.
“January 31 – Field Marshal Paulus, despite his nomination, decides to surrender and surrender his soldiers in a Stalingrad boiler.”
The defeat of the Germans at Stalingrad became a turning point in the German-Soviet war. The English saw that the Red Army was moving to a counterattack that could have ended in Berlin, or possibly further and at least Central and east Europe would have taken over the russian Union
"January 13 – nipponese defence on Guadalcanal is broken by American troops. “
At this point, the Americans broke the back of the nipponese army, which allowed American dominance in the Pacific. These 2 facts made it clear to the British that the ideas contained in Gomberg's map are beginning to materialize. On 14 January, after the American triumph over the Japanese, and inactive during the Stalingrad battle, conference in Casablanca In Morocco, Churchill and Roosevelt took part. Stalin was besides invited, but did not arrive due to the Stalingrad battle. What was agreed there was agreed, what was made public in the authoritative communication, that was stated. In any case, it was decided to invade allied Italy, although Churchill pushed the landing in Greece and march north to cut the Red Army's road to the West and hold British influence in Central Europe. The next conference took place in the city Quebec in Canada on 17-24 August 1943. Stalin was invited again, but he didn't make it. And another in Tehran between November 28 and December 1, 1943. This time with Stalin.
It is worth looking at events in the planet between the above conferences and the improvement of murders in Volyn and east Małopolska.
‘2 February – ceases to defy the last German units gathered in the Stalingrad boiler. Americans in the Solomon Islands take over Tassafarong.
8 February – The nipponese complete the evacuation of the Guadalcanal garrison, exporting a full of over 13,000 soldiers.
9 February – Americans seize the full island of Guadalcanal.”
And on February 9, there is the first mass execution in Volyn.
“May 7 – The formation of the 1st Tadeusz Kościuszko Infantry Division begins in Sielce nad Oka, the seed of the People's Polish Army.”
And on Volyn at the time:
‘On 12 May, villages in the territory of Sarne were burned: Ugły, Constantinówka, Osty, Uberez. On 24 May 170 people were murdered in the village of Niemodlin in Kostopolska. On the night of 24 to 25 May 1943 all manor houses and farms in Włodzimierz district. 28 May 600-member branch UPA Burnt the village. Old ladies And he murdered all its inhabitants. “
And then in the world:
"July 4 – The Chief Leader and Prime Minister of the Polish Government at Emigration General Władysław Sikorski is killed in the Gibraltar plane crash.
5 July – the conflict on the Kursk arch begins.
July 10 – Allies begin landing in Sicily with the code name “Husky”.
July 12 – on the Kursk bow, the Red Army moves to counteroffensive.
13 July – German units lose the conflict on the Kursk bow, which went to past as the largest armored clash in military history.”
On July 11, the slaughter began on a bloody Sunday and lasted until July 16.
On 14-24 August it was held Roosevelt and Churchill conference in Quebec.
Operation Overlord was planned there, or the Allied landing in France in 1944, as well as the usage of atomic weapons, which was reportedly not yet there.
And on Volyn:
‘On 28 and 31 August, erstwhile 85 localities were attacked, mainly in the districts of Kowel, Włodzimierz and inactive untouched by the massacre Lubomel district. On August 29, UPA carried out an action in villages Heads and Wola Ostrowiecka in Lubomel district. All Poles were killed, all buildings were burned, property and livestock were robbed.”
In the following months, nothing groundbreaking was happening in the planet and as if Ukrainian murders were defiling. From 28 November to 2 December continued Great 3 Conference in Tehran, where a fresh east border of Poland and the USSR was established on the alleged Curzona line and at the end of the year, especially during the holidays Christmas There was a fresh wave of armed anti-Polish actions of Ukrainian nationalists in the area of the full Volyn. And in fact, at the time it could be said that in the areas which were expected to come to the USSR there are practically no Poles anymore. I fishy Churchill was constantly hoping to halt the russian Army march and keep British influence in Central and east Europe.
I announcement any unusual time correlations between crucial events in the planet and the increased activity of Ukrainian troops.
In order to find a hypothetical Ukrainian benefactor, let us look at the forces that opposed the bloodthirsty Ukrainian element, as well as those that could resist.
Prior to all, self-defense troops formed locally, which did not have adequate weapons and training. They collaborated with russian guerrillas and sometimes and Germany in the fight against Ukrainian bands.
If we're at the russian partisans, what was the People's defender doing at the time?
History Stop gives an answer:
‘In 1943, the GL business area included:– Oblast I Warszawski divided into: territory of Warsaw-City, territory of Warsaw-Lewa Podmiejska, territory of Warsaw-Right;
– Oblast II Lubelski divided into: territory No 4 Lublin, territory No 5 Janów Lubelski, territory No 6 Siedlce;
– Oblast III Radomsko-Kielecki divided into: Radom District, Kielce District, Częstochowa-Piotrków District;
– Oblast IV Krakowski divided into: territory of Kraków-City and Podgórze, territory of Podhale, territory of Miechów, territory of Tarnów, territory of Rzeszów, territory of Jasło;
– V Śląski Oblast divided into: Zagłębie Dąbrowskie District, Bielsko District, Katowice District, Chrzanów District;
– Oblast VI Łódzki divided into: territory of Łódź-City, territory of Łódź Podmiejska, territory of Poznań, territory of Płock.
Formerly functioning within these structures, the Lviv region was subjected to the russian guerrilla movement in 1943.”
Then the People's defender is justified.
What about the National Armed Forces?
By Wikipedia The NSZ authorities focused almost all year 1943 on the merge talks with the AK, so the command did not have time, nor the head to deal with any "small" massacres of Poles in Volyn.
A small more about NZS activity in Volyn can be read on the portal blogpress.pl:
"Żebrowski recalled that the NSZ was very strict in demanding the implementation of the declaration of the Polish Underground State on the issue of civilian protection. However, on the Edges the structures of this formation were much weaker than the structures of the AK. He emphasized that the nationalists accurately documented Ukrainian crimes, but their documentation during arrests after 1944 was put into the hands of UB. He besides pointed out that the calls for decisive action against UPA met for a long time with the deficiency of reaction of another parties to the Underground Poland."
That is, the National Armed Forces “required” and “documented”.
We inactive have the Boy Battalions.
Wikipedia reports that on 1 January 1943, the VIII Volynski territory of the Peasants Battalions was established, but nothing informs about any combat activities of this district, not only during the Volynian massacre. Portal ~ Warhist. ~ He describes very thoroughly the activities of the Peasants' Battalions, their engagement in the liquidation of the Confidents, but there is no mention of the defence of the Polish population in Volyn and east Małopolska. But there is simply a very crucial fact about which he informs Wikipedia:
"Since autumn 1942. Home Army Headquarters She began to exert force on Central Leadership of the People's Movement to incarnate BCh to the AK. The CKRL waited for the decision and only under force from the emigration authorities on 30 March 1943 signed a single agreement.”
And finally, the most powerful guerrilla organization of the National Army. What was she doing to save Poles from dying in Volyn? In general, nothing, and if anything, it's almost nothing. She was preparing for the “Burza” action in the east directed against the Red Army. That's enough. According to the portal blogpress.pl:
"When Leon Mrzygłocki became a delegate of the government in Lviv, he revealed to the underground representatives the papers of his predecessors, from which it was apparent that any of the AK-owski communities were conducting talks with UPA erstwhile the murders in Poles were already ongoing".
From the above, it can be concluded that the partisans associated with London and taking money from there, or hoping to take money from London, did not engage in the defence of the Volynian and Małopolska people from Ukrainian bands.
This suggests that Britain could have been behind the Volyn massacre. Why would she do that?
Britain has a centuries-old tradition of being present in Central and east Europe and creating events there. Already in 1555 it was established Moscow Companywho remained in England until 1658 monopoly on trade with Russiaand yet the Company's operations ceased in 1917. Russian Tsar Ivan IV The Terrible granted the company duty-free trade law in Russia and for respective years the Company operated all Russian trade with Europe. The interesting thing is that the trade with Russia not only brought crucial revenue, it continued for centuries. The only break was in 1646–1660, erstwhile English merchants were not allowed to enter the empire. Could be related to Cromwell's revolution. It's interesting that it matches the emergence of Chmielnicki and partially with Polish-Russian War 1654–1667. There are hypotheses that behind the emergence of Chmielnicki constant Britain, and Maxim Krzywonos was a British agent. Wikipedia about the origin of Krzywonos:
‘The origin unknown, according to 1 version came from Mohylova or Horse, according to another German origin at the time, he was Scottish (the nickname would then be a literal translation of the Scottish name Cameron).’
He was rather a badass:
"He took part, among others, in battles under Yellow Waters, Corsun, Constantine and Sawers. He won among others. Bar, Silica and Southern. He took part in the siege Lviv in 1648, where at the head of his command, the Cossacks captured High Castle“
It's apparent that Krzywonos wasn't just a peasant. It would besides be worth checking where the money was coming from for the Chmielnicki uprising. Somehow, this never happens erstwhile you read historical studies. Yet specified an uprising needed any money.
There are historical suggestions that during the 19th century the UK stood in the Russian partition. In the 19th century, Britain and Russia competed for Central Asia and the mediate East called big game. The uprisings of naive Poles against Russia tied Russian forces in Europe, giving the English more opportunities in Asia.
After the First planet War, Britain had large influence in Poland and in Central Europe in general.
Now let's think about what the British might have been up to, causing the Volyn massacre. What benefits could they achieve?
They most likely wanted to make 2 hostile states, ethnically pure: Poland and Ukraine under British control, which could not be without the support of the UK. Take a look at the following map of Poland and Ukraine in today's shape. I think that the British likewise imagined these countries after planet War II.
As it is easy to announcement Poland and Ukraine connect the Baltic Sea with the Black Sea. Britain had a large fleet and controlled maritime trade. As a consequence of the expansion of the United States and their dominance in the Pacific after the triumph over Japan, Britain would lose any of its profits from maritime trade, However, by controlling Poland and Ukraine, it would have caused these losses to land trade between Western Europe and the USSR and Asia. As the Moscow Company did for centuries, after the Second planet Smell, Britain would take control of Euroasia's land trade routes. This could prevent the collapse of the United Kingdom, these are groups of third-class powers, as the Gomberg map predicted. The British did not quit until the end of the war. After the second, they wanted to start planet War III. The operation was coded “Unthinkable’ – Unthinkable. British planners assumed that the war would begin on July 1, 1945 – the day the russian Union was to retreat British and American units, which as a consequence of war operations were in Germany in areas designated for the russian business zone. Against the Red Army were to fight side by side with American, British, Polish and German units. I'll quote the portal here. == sync, corrected by elderman ==:
"In the first phase of the operation, 47 (these and another figures in the various variants were subsequently importantly changed) of the British and American divisions were to participate. In the fight they were to be supported by the fresh enemy – the 10 German divisions. The plan besides included the participation of the 4th Polish Army Division. The British estimated that these forces would hit 170 russian divisions, whose possible was assessed very differently.”
"According to the assumptions, the decisive action was to take place not in occupied Germany, but a fewer 100 kilometres further east – on the east side of Odra. 2 fronts were to form there, on the lines Szczecin – Bydgoszcz and Leipzig – Poznań, and on 1 of them the Western troops were to break.
An interesting function was attributed to Polish troops fighting side by side in the east with the Red Army against Germany. According to the British, the opposition of Poles to the Russians was so large that these forces would decision to the West, expanding its possible by about 10 additional divisions.”
And the crucial paragraph of this article:
"Despite this, in the UK, studies have been made since 1943 on the impact of the USSR on the safety of Britain and the full British empire, including India and the mediate East at the time."
Just the year the Volyn massacre began.
To sum up, it can be hypothesized that the British, in the face of the impending collapse of the empire and the failure of control of commercial maritime routes for the benefit of the Americans, wanted to save themselves by creating in Central and east Europe 2 clean ethnic, hostile countries connecting the Black Sea with the Baltic Sea, over which they would exercise control. As a result, they would take control of land trade routes between Western Europe and the russian Union and the countries of Asia.
Therefore, I will not be amazed erstwhile years later it turns out that the commanders of Ukrainian murderers, and in any case their military advisers, spoke English.
