Interview Tucker Carlson – Putin has late become the world's number 1 media event. A erstwhile Fox News writer published it last night from 8 to 9 February 2024. This is Vladimir Putin's first conversation with a Western writer after 24 February 2022. In the course of this, a typical repertoire of the Kremlian communicative about the reasons for the launch of the alleged "special military operation" falls from the mouth of the head of the Russian State. Furthermore, we can hear the views and ideas of the Russian president on historical issues. These are distorted and full of understatement and manipulation. In this article we will research historical issues concerning Ukraine and Poland, which appeared in the interview.
Analysis
Exploration and explanation of data in a circumstantial context - provides insights.Tucker Carlson – "independent" writer or propagandaist?
Tucker Carlson is simply a conservative political commentator and Former Fox News station employee. Vox Ukraine stresses that during the time he worked on American television, he was known for spreading disinformation about the Covid-19 pandemic. In addition, he promoted a pro-Russian communicative by ‘biolabs’ created in Ukraine. After starting a full-scale invasion of Ukraine, he actively justified Russian aggression. He besides stated that the support of Ukraine by the West is detrimental to the countries providing assistance.
It seems crucial that Tucker Carlson is – as the editorial board notes Vox Ukraine – a associate of the network of links created between pro-Russian bloggers and political commentators.
Also worth adding Center for east StudiesThat the American's interview and visit itself was widely commented and publicized by Russian propaganda.
Former Fox News worker portrays himself as the first Western writer to interview Vladimir Putin. At the same time, he states that the news channels in the West are corrupt and no of their employees went to the problem of interviewing the president of Russia after the launch of the full-scale invasion. Russian president Press Secretary demented information provided by Carlson that Western journalists did not effort to interview Putin.
Tucker Carlson's interview with Russian president. Source: YouTubeInterview Tucker Carlson – Putin, or an analysis of historical understatements and manipulations in an interview
In the first minutes of the interview, Tucker Carlson asks Putin how he concluded that the United States could launch an attack on Russia. The president states that, if he knows, Tucker Carlson has a historical education, and in order to answer his question, he must go back to the beginnings of Russia's past to draw a background. Vladimir Putin has a maximum of 1 minute, he notes. In fact, the president's monologue began, in which he presents his thought of the past of Russia and Ukraine. Russia's imaginary communicative enters the stage.
Experts – Prof. Jerome Gral and Prof. Piotr M. Majewski
In order to carefully analyse the experts put in place by Vladimir Putin. We invited to talk to the editorial board Prof. Jerome Grala – an worker of the Faculty of “Artes Liberales” of the University of Warsaw, a erstwhile diplomat, advisor to the Polish embassy in Moscow, a historian specializing in the past of Russia, early-day Russia and the past of Byzantium, and Prof. Piotr M. Majewski – a investigator from the Faculty of past of the University of Warsaw, a longtime deputy manager of the Museum of planet War II in Gdańsk, a historian specializing in the past of Czechoslovakia and in Czech-German relations in the 20th century.
Putin: Rurykoviche, Ruś Kieva and the baptism of Rusi are evidence of the existence of Russian statehood
False
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Putin states that the arrival of Ruryk in Novgorod in 862 can be considered as the beginning of Russian statehood (2:42). We will now look at the process of shaping the Russian state and its next rulers. For the sake of order, all the dates in brackets in this text are the dates of the reign of individual rulers. The successor of the Rurykovich dynasty protoplasty – Oleg (879–912) won Kiev and another of the rulers – Vladimir (978–1015) was baptized in 988. From that minute on, Putin believes that the central administration of the country in which the population inhabits a peculiar territory can be spoken with 1 language and 1 faith.
However, the issue is not as simple as the president of Russia puts it. It should be noted that Rus created by Ruric and his successors resembled a cooler federation, composed of conquered tribal organisms. In turn during the reign of Vladimir the large and Jarosław the Wise, as he points out in a conversation with our editorial office prof. Jerome Gral, the Rurykowicz State was centralised. However, this centralization did not match today's states, but was typical of the mediate Ages. A centralised state in the mediate Ages had a recognized ruler, a law firm, a taxation system, a court and offices, and the connecting origin was mainly monarch and dynasty and religion (a church organization).
For many years, the Russians have been manipulating the facts of Ruth’s baptism and are besides trying to change its meaning and tone. In Ukraine, the Baptism Day of Ukraine and Russia began to be celebrated in 2008 (the circular anniversary of baptism). In Russia, an adequate vacation was only established 2 years later. How notes prof. Hieronim Grala, since that year, Chersonez and Crimea have been increasingly referred to as “the baptizer of Russia” even though they were previously called “the baptizer of Russia”. The Russians even went on to usage this word in authoritative communicative (Putin even called the Russian Temple Mount).
“The Baptism of Russia” or “The Baptism of Russia”?
False
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Russia is besides attempting to transform the image of Vladimir the Great, who after returning from Chersonez to Kiev began his mission to baptize his subjects. In 2016 Vladimir Putin revealed in front of the Moscow Kremlin his monument. As prof. Grała points out, the Moscow monument is to be a competition for Kiev, which was erected on the Dnieprowy bank in the 19th century. During the unveiling ceremony in Moscow, Vladimir Putin described Vladimir as “the spiritual founder of the Russian state”. The Russian president repeats in the interview thesis about Russia's alleged baptism (3:58). However, prof. Gral in his conversation with us points out that:
Putin on his side has the semantic option of the word "русский" (Russian) – the word defines both Russian and Russian. So the discussion of changing the semantic concept of “Rusi’s baptizer” may have gone unnoticed.
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Vladimir Putin during the ceremony of unveiling the monument of Vladimir the large in 2016 Source: WikimediaThere is no uncertainty between Ukraine and Russia a war for historical memory and primacy in the Orthodox world. Prof. Grala notesthat Russians should be regarded as “younger brothers in Orthodox faith”. The undeniable argument for this is that it was from Kiev that the process of Christianity of Rusi began. Secondly, it should be noted that the Kiev metropolis is older, and the bishopric of historical Russia (Rusian north-eastern) for a very long time was jurisdictionally subject to Kiev. So both Russia, Belarus and Ukraine have the right to heritage after Russia, which is seen by both Ukrainian and Russian historians. Until 1 point, even the state and spiritual authorities of the Russian Federation represented the above-mentioned Community view.
The real origins of Russian statehood should be seen in the Grand Duchy of Moscow and the governments of Ivan III, who on an anachronistic ground creates a modern administration acting as a functioning fiscal and authoritative apparatus. However, ideologically, as prof. Gral points out, the regulation of the Prince is still:
A imagination of creating the Dominions of the Moscow line of the Rurykovichs, recovering the full legacy of the Ruryk house.
Putin: Poles colonized Ukraine in the 13th century.
False
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Tucker Carlson interview – Putin in its irrationality reaches even further. Vladimir Putin, during his lecture on imaginary history, passes from Rusi Vladimir the large through the Tatar-Mongolian invasion, until the establishment of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, which was to be a cultural centre that attracted Ukrainian lands, including Kiev. He later mentions the unification of Poland and Lithuania, as well as the spiritual union.
Vladimir Putin's full process is shallow. It is adequate to mention that Ruś Rurykowiczów long resisted Lithuanian expansion. Prof. Grala notes in an interview with our editorial board that Lithuanian tails reached Moscow, while the state borders ran about 100 km from this city. The establishment of the Republic of both Nations was the consequence of a long process initiated by the conclusion of the Unions in Blood in 1385 and completed by signature of the Act Lublin Union in 1569. This spiritual union is Brest union. It was adopted in 1596 and as a result, part of the Russian Orthodox clergy submitted to the pope.
Putin then states that Poland colonized Ukrainian lands. Lost in Putin's speech Carlson asks for the exact minute in the communicative in which it happened (8:09 p.m.). Part of the answer containing a circumstantial age is blocked by the translator. Nevertheless, the translation into English included the answer in which the president said that the events in question took place in the 13th century. A akin information can be found on the Russian President's website, where transcription Intelligence. As shown above, the beginnings of the process of unification of Poland and Lithuania took place in the last decades of the 14th century and ended in the second half of the 16th century. Even the Incorporation of Red Rusa by Kazimierz Wielki occurred in the second half of the 14th century. So pollination of Lithuanian and Ukrainian lands couldn't take place in the 13th century.
It should be noted, however, that the very concept of east colonization is the subject of continuous discussion, due to the fact that it is frequently misidentified with colonialism. A reasonably accessible overview of the positions of Polish historians on colonization Ukraine has published Stefan Batory Foundation.
Kiev and the left-hand part of Ukraine were recovered by Russia in the 17th century as a consequence of the war against the Republic of Both Nations.
Mostly false
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Vladimir Putin does not mention the provisions of the Andrusz Treaty of 1667, according to which he was to return to the borders of the Republic of Poland 2 years after his signature
What's true?
Kiev was actually within the borders of the Moscow State as a consequence of the Polish-Russian War
Tucker Carlson interview – Putin continues. Russian president mentions the Russian-Polish War, which began in 1654 and ended in 1667. The truce In Andrushov. In his monologue, he emphasizes that as a consequence of Kiev's war effort, he gained control of Russia (10:42 am).
Map of land lost to the Moscow State after the truce in Andruszów. 1 of the treaty provisions stated that Kiev would return to the Republic of Poland after 2 years. The Moskals failed to comply with the treaty. Source: WikimediaIt's half-truth. Putin did not mention the principles of the Andrusz Treaty that Kiev would return to the borders of the Republic of Both Nations after 2 years after the truce was concluded. The Moscow State later refused to return the current capital of Ukraine. At the end of the 17th century, an adverse state of affairs for the crisis-stricken Republic of Poland sealed the peace treaty, which in Polish historiography is called Grzymułtowski's room (1686). Putin doesn't even announcement his origin complicatedsituation Hetmanat, or quasi-state of Bohdan Chmielnicki, which was created within the Republic of Poland under congregation agreement concluded in 1649. Later, erstwhile part of Cossack lands got into power of Moscow, Cossack autonomy was gradually limited. Definitely, in the name of the unity of the Russian Empire, this unquestionably form of statehood was eliminated by Catherine the Great.
Putin: During the reign of Catherine the large Russia ended the unification of Russian lands
Misleading
More about our evaluation system:The question of the unification of Russian lands itself is besides complicated and is the subject of manipulation. Ruś Rurykowiczów – as Prof. Jerome Grala points out in a conversation with the editorial board – should be seen as household property of the dynasty. The conquests of Ivan III (1462–1505) were an effort to make hegemony in the northeast of the Russian lands. This was to service mainly against the expansion of Lithuanians and win competition against another Ruralists in the eyes of Khan. The imagination of Ivan the Terrible (1533–1584) is to make a universal empire geared towards expansion. Prof. Gral stresses that Ivan IV was the first of the rulers to start creating false excuses for wars. He claimed to be the descendant of Octavian Augustus' nonexistent brother – Prussia, in order to justify possible expansion towards Prussia. And he considered the Jagillons to be descendants of the Rurykovich servants, though thanks to his Russian parent The lambs came from Włodzimierz the Great.
Prof. Gral besides points out that:
It was Ivan Horror who claimed that he deserved everything after the Rurykoviches, and so besides the lands of the Polish Crown after the White Water, or Vistula. This is erstwhile it starts to break out of the old expression of Rurykowiczowska. It's like it was seen in the Kremlin in the 15th century. These will be so fictional that e.g. the conquest of Astrachania was justified by the fact that in the 11th century Jarosław the Wise – Mscisław Chrobry was the prince of Tmutarakania. Both centres actually connect only the phonetic component – the end of the name.
Our interviewer summarizes Ivan the Terrible's policy as follows:
Ivan's explanation perfectly reflects a fragment of 1 of the letters in which he wrote that it was his, due to the fact that there stood the hoofs of his horse.
Putin states that Katarzyna Wielka (9 July 1762 – 17 November 1796) completed the process of unification of Russian lands (11:06 p.m.). However, he does not mention that this took place at the expense of the partitions of the Republic of Russia, Austria and Prussia (1772, 1793, 1795). In the 19th century, linguistic freedom was restricted and authoritative russification was conducted. Prof. Jerome Grala besides notes that Caryca Catherine joined a number of lands that were never Russian. In his opinion, Putin is mainly about Crimea, and this 1 never belonged to Rusi (and even more so to Russia). It was first Byzantine, and the Tatars and Genuese ruled it in subsequent centuries. In addition, Catherine, after the partitions of the Republic of Poland, won a medal honoring her merits as the 1 who attached detached Russian lands.
Putin: Ukraine is an artificial state created by Lenin and Stalin
False
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After a brief discussion of the reign of Catherine Wielki Putin, he goes on to say that the Ukrainian state was artificially created by the communists and formed by Lenin and Stalin.
Ukrainian statehood has taken various forms throughout history. These include the Grand Duchy of Kiev and the Kingdom of Halicki, the already mentioned Hetmanat Kozacki (autonomous form of statehood within the framework of the Republic of Both Nations and later), the Ukrainian People's Republic or the Western Ukrainian People's Republic. In 1921 russian forces defeated the army of the Ukrainian People's Republic and occupied its territory. As a result, the Ukrainian Socialist russian Republic was created. However, this does not mean that the Ukrainian state and nation were created by communists in the 1920s.
There is more to the ignorance and silence of Ukrainian statehood. Prof. Hieronim Grala notes that the president of Russia did not mention an crucial historical episode for Ukraine, which is the Volyn-Halician state. It is the only Russian state whose rulers received the royal crown from the papal hands. The Latin name of the country itself and the title of rulers (by: Regnum Russiae; Rex Ruthenorum) indicate that they were treated as a separate being from Rusi Zaleska, or the cradle of Moscow Statehood.
An crucial minute in Ukraine's past is besides the first usage of the word from which it takes its name. The earliest recorded usage of the word Ѹкраина/Ꙋкраина (Oukrain) appeared in 1 of the parts of the Hippodic Code, more specifically in The Kiev Summertime. Ѹкраина means ‘own land’ and has been utilized in fragment describing the death of the prince of Perejasław Vladimir ("(...) ѡ же Оукраина много постона постона постона" – "(...) o nem že Ukraine plural postona’; this can be translated as follows: “Our earth wept upon him. ” Sam Latopis Kievcreated Around 1200, and the Hipacian Codex is simply a collection (a line) of ancient Russian chronicles and was created in the 15th century.
Prof. Jerome Grail, summarizing Ukrainian history, says:
It all consisted of a beam, a synergy of various threads – ephemeral, short-lived – statehood.
Putin: Poland collaborated with Hitler before planet War II began and forced him to invade its territory
Russia's fictional communicative told by the Russian president mentions the alleged treaty on relationship between Poland and III The Reich and the demands of Adolf Hitler towards the alleged Gdańsk Corridor. He besides states that Poland collaborated with Hitler before the start of planet War II through "co-participation" in the partition of Czechoslovakia. According to the Russian leader, Poland provoked Hitler to attack, rejecting his territorial claims, and is guilty of the outbreak of planet War II. In this case we asked 1 of the leading historians of the 20th century – prof. Piotr M. Majewski – for a comment.
The alleged alliance and relationship of Poland with the 3rd Reich
False
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The version of the communicative told by Vladimir Putin notes the alleged fact of Poland's collaboration with the 3rd Reich. Moreover, Adolf Hitler was to propose a treaty on relationship to Poland (12:57 am). Prof. Majewski stated that:
Poland and the Nazi Reich never had a treaty on friendship, nor a military alliance. On January 30, 1934, both states signed only a declaration of non-violence.
The treaty led to temporary relaxation in Polish-German relations. A akin arrangement that Vladimir Putin does not mention was concluded with the russian Union in 1932. The above mentioned treaties were the consequence of Joseph Beck's policy equal distances in relation to the unfavorable II Republic of the Neighbours. At the same time, the assumptions pursued by the management of the abroad Ministry ruled out an alliance with the 3rd Reich and the russian Union aimed at any of these countries.
The question of Poland's alleged cooperation with Nazi Germany was summarised as follows:
However, there was no formalised cooperation with the Reich. The declaration contained no secret protocols or military clauses. Poland powerfully refused erstwhile in October 1938 Hitler offered her a "concept of a deeper agreement" (i.e. a real alliance) in exchange for agreeing to join the Reich of the Free City of Gdańsk and building an extraterritorial railway and road line by Polish Pomerania.
In the spring of 1939, the aforementioned agreement of 1934 was broken by the German side, which forced the Polish government to conclude an agreement with the British government on guarantees of common assistance in the event of German aggression.
Zaolzia and Polish policy towards Czechoslovakia
False
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Polish cooperation with Germany in the partition of Czechoslovakia (13:38 pm) is not true. Action by the authorities of the Republic as a consequence of which they were sent ultimatum In the Zaolzia case, it was full independent. Prof. Piotr Majewski stated that in time Sudek crisis in 1938:
Poland pursued a policy that was reluctant to Czechoslovakia, which was the final consequence of forcing Zaolzia's assignment on this country. However, the ultimatum on this issue was not set by Poland in agreement with Hitler, but entirely alone, erstwhile after the adoption of the Munich Agreement by the Czechoslovak authorities it became clear that there would not be a European war. The head of Polish diplomacy, including Józef Beck, powerfully ruled out that in the event of specified a conflict Poland could engage even indirectly on the side of the Reich.
Polish Ministry of abroad Affairs after Tucker Carlson's interview with Putin released statement. It stressed that the Second Republic was not a organization to the Munich talks in 1938. As a result, the sovereignty of Czechoslovakia was restricted and the 3rd Reich took control of part of its territory.
The alleged Polish work for the outbreak of war
False
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Vladimir Putin believes that Poland forced Hitler to attack its territory (14:36 pm). Prof. Majewski stressed in his comment that:
Putting work for German aggression on Poland is not only a typical example of Victim blaming, but above all the repetition of the main thesis of Nazi propaganda. In fact, Hitler's demands (Gdansk, extraterritorial communication lines) were just a pretext to force Poles to reorient their abroad policy. Accepting these demands would mean submitting to German dominance and consequently Poland's participation in the war on the side of the Nazi Reich. Poland powerfully rejected this anticipation in contrast to the russian Union, which concluded an alliance with Germany on August 23, 1939, and together with them participated in the aggression against Poland and then dismembered east Europe.
Summary
An interview conducted by Tucker Carlson can in fact be called Vladimir Putin's monologue. Going even further – a lecture on pseudohistory of philosophy, which the Russian president wants to justify aggression against Ukraine. Many of the others put up by president Putin coincide with his essay "About the Historical Unity of Russians and Ukrainians".
Interview as propaganda tube
The interview was for Vladimir Putin a propaganda tube and space to make false claims. As he notes Center for east Studies, Putin repeated the most crucial thesis of the pro-Russian narrative:
- Russia has historical rights to Ukraine,
- The origin of war is alleged Nazism in Ukraine,
- The blame for the outbreak of war is NATO and the US,
- NATO in Ukraine founded military bases,
- The alleged CIA-inspired coup took place twice in Ukraine.
Conclusions presented by Center for east Studies in the context of the objectives of this interview. These include surely expanding the audience of Russian propaganda in the West and expanding the fatigue of war and moods which are reluctant to further support Ukraine.
Autopresentation of Russia and Vladimir Putin
The way Vladimir Putin presents himself and the Russian Federation besides draws attention. He believes that his country does not display imperial ambitions and does not intend to invade Poland for example. At the same time, the Collective West allegedly betrayed Russia by denying its membership of NATO, while accepting fresh members in the east of Europe to the North Atlantic Pact. The catalogue of wines of western countries according to Putin should besides be added to the typical narratives of Russia about the creation of military bases in Ukraine. In 1 conviction – Russia wanted to communicate with the West, who betrayed her and provoked the attack on Ukraine.
Vladimir Putin, on the another hand, presents himself as a peaceful leader who will not attack his neighbors due to the fact that he has no interest in it. He besides owns his own country, unlike the US presidents who are just puppets in the hands of his surroundings, according to conspiracy explanation about Deep-state.
Acknowledgements
In conclusion, the author would like to express his sincere thanks for the content consultation given to 2 outstanding researchers: Prof. Jerome Grali and Prof. Piotr M. Majewski for a kind approach, openness in discussion, an expert look and a willingness to share knowledge.
Sources
FoxNews on Tucker Carlson's release: https://press.foxnews.com/2023/04/fox-news-media-and-tucker-carlson-part-ways
Vox Ukraine 1: https://voxukraine.org/en/independent-propagandist-and-peaceful-dictator-fact-check-of-lastest-lies-by-putin-carlson
Vox Ukraine 2: https://voxukraine.org/en/the-network-of-Russian-propaganda-what-connects-western-experts-promoting-narratives-beneficial-to-russia
Independent: https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/us-politics/tucker-carlson-vladimir-putin-interview-b2492192.html
Belsat: https://belsat.eu/en/news/28-07-2022-Christian-rusi-spor-o-inheritance-between-kijow-a-moskwa
== sync, corrected by elderman == https://jejeje.pl/updates/putin-unslonil-in-mosh-memory-sw-w-w-w-w-w
EnglishFreedom. https://polishfreedom.pl/unia-in-blood/; https://polishfreedom.pl/act-uni-Leel/
Internet Encyclopedia PWN: https://encyclopedia.pwn.pl/haslo/unia-brzeska;3991299.html; https://encyclopedia.pwn.pl/haslo/zborowska-bitwa-i-ugoda;4000810.html;https://encyclopedia.pwn.pl/haslo/sudecki-crisis;3981076.html
Stefan Batory Foundation: https://www.batory.org.pl/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/T.Sryjek_Is.Polska.zadzila.Ukraine. jak_.kolonia.pdf
Museum of Polish History: https://muzzhp.pl/calendar/ruption-in-andruszów; https://muzzhp.pl/calendar/peace-Grzymultowski; https://muzzhp.pl/calendar/polskie-ultimatum-in-case-zaolzia
Museum of King John III Sobieski Palace in Wilanów: https://www.wilanow-palac.pl/cham_grzymultowski_mean_end_snow_o_one_ukrainie.html
An article about Octavian Augustus' non-existent brother: https://www.ejournals.eu/Work-Historical/2019/Number-1/art/13720/
Institute of National Memory: https://ipn.gov.pl/en/history-z-ipn/138265,Marcin-Kruszynski-Rule-Justice-Poland-Foreign politics-in-years-30-.html#:~text=Policy%20foreign%20implemented%20by%20J%C3%B3zefa,like%20from%20Moscow%C4%85%20against%20rows.
Museum of Polish History: https://muzzhp.pl/calendar/polskie-ultimatum-in-case-zaolzia
Ministry of abroad Affairs: https://www.gov.pl/web/diplomatisation/assignment-in-the-ten-ply-president-wladimir-putina-nt-Polish-and-Ukraine-who-no-prostall-tucker-carlson-interview-from-8-February-2024-r?fbclid=IwAR0hI0J_gRuss0aSlh7Uxnf4Qn9o3OYqB6WAG2nrR7zhAvXooSrHJy6vAycc
Center for east Studies: https://www.osw.waw.pl/publications/analysis/2024-02-09/interview-putina-for-carlson-transmit-for-trumpists
Scientific American: https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/state-secrety-explains-the-origins-of-the-deep-state-conspiracy-theory/
Graphics
Reveal the monument of Vladimir the large in Moscow – Author: mos.ru (фотография) С. A. Щербаков, архитектор — И. Н. Воскресенский (памятник) license: Creative CommonsAttribution 4.0
Map of territorial changes after the Andruszowski Treaty – Author: User:Mathiasrex Maciej Szczepanczyk, based on layers of User:Halibutt, licence: Creative CommonsAttribution-Share Aike 3.0 Unported
