Saddest Land – Polishness in Ukraine
https://stanislaw-orda.szkolanavigatorow.pl/saddest-earth-polskosc-na-ukrainie#399167
== sync, corrected by elderman ==
Previous part:
In the land of the bloody people
== sync, corrected by elderman ==
The second part of Janina Przecławska's Diptych published in the 4th fourth of 1927 in the Kraków quarterly „The Universal Review, this time under the first title.
Correction to the short biography of the author, which was given in a comment to the erstwhile note by 1 of the commentators (jan-non-obliged):
Janina Przecławska from Różycki. She was the founder of the Society for Children and Youth Assistance from Kresów and its first president from 1919 to 1921. Born around 1869, she married Kazimierz Przecławski in 1889. They survived together for 54 years. She died on May 1, 1944, her husband was murdered on the thirteenth day of PW ’44 in a shelter for paralytics at the corner of Iron and Leszno. She was a uncle, not a parent of Maja Berezowska.
Digresia:
A fewer days ago, I posted part one, which had a debut on the surviving area a fewer days ago, but rather unexpectedly caused any distaste due to the desperate attempts to depreciate the author's memories, in which she described her experiences. The Polemist ran to the author for terms specified as “the lady” and “the Polish noblewoman”. This is very close to stigmatisation with the sound of "this Pole". I am of the opinion that "this gentleman" has made his attitude to "Polish nobles" clear enough, that this excludes from me the desire to discuss with him in akin subjects. No more digression.
https://stanislaw-orda.szkolanavigatorow.pl/u-krainy-bloody-people
And a brief explanation.
I presented the current text on my blog in "SN" dated 25.06.2017, which was almost 8 years ago, in the first weeks of the "Navigators' School" initiative, and in my case it was only the 3rd in the order of the memo. (For comparison, the current number is 369, but for 4 notes called inventory notes). And, most likely due to that, she was practically unnoticed. But then there was besides another, much little sensitive, alleged context of the problem contained in the note. In addition to the note, I gave an enigmatic title in the wording "From round-the-clock reflections” which later changed to another one, “Faraway Ukraine“ It seems small little enigmatic. That note logs in under that first title. due to the fact that it contains the content of a follow-up to a note published a fewer days ago, Which I didn't print 8 years ago, so I'm now like her. I left the first orthography and stylistics, while adding any footnotes.
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For you have come from the saddest land,
Where the bloody seal has set history.
In another words, he greeted the late poet Kazimierz Gliński[1] Years ago, the Polish border delegation arrived for a reunion in Warsaw. "The saddest", so from the saddest ground, this name can be characterized by perfectly settled Poles. So the saddest, for those who have been removed from the life of the country, for centuries destined to defender their homeland, trained to fight, not knowing rest, hard for themselves, without mercy for enemies, alert to any assaults – this kind of end soldier puts us in front of Vincent Pol, painting his Mohorta[2].
Mohort was sitting on the level of a wreck,
Like on a horse, and though he was napping,
But erstwhile he was asleep, he held a weapon in his right hand.
In a similarity to this, words heard in the last days of the 1918 pogroms can be used, and spoken by a Russian peasant to show the difference between you and the peasant. A musician, like a real artist,You're a spy, you're a spy, you're a friend.pride (Boy, if he works hard, he sleeps, and you, although 1 eye sleeps, another is inactive thinking.) Thus, it would seem that the limit was going, leaving and further developing the basic features, transforming as the historical transformations unfolded. The struggles have passed, the country has become another's property, but Poles at the ends have always been this guard, keeping a sense of continuity and defence at the borders of the Republic, celebrating the love of tradition and belief that Poland will be "the dream". This religion was passed on to generations of generations, in these feelings the young settlers in Volyn, Podol, Ukraine grew, with a firm force grouped at the workshops of Polish work, stating that large areas of the land in Polish hands are Poland, which lasts. They could not have a wider outlet for national feelings, removed from state works, alienated from Poland; they concentrated their full soul in this 1 sense that they were not allowed to sale land. The land sold went into abroad hands, and the Polish communities which gathered in these areas were the basis of Polish life at the ends.
With any disdain and condemnation, the 1 who sold his land recklessly to a stranger, considering him a traitor and an apostate! This is how they understood their actions at the time those generations of the “saddest” who were judged by the age of forced inaction to preserve the places of Polish workers, professionals, intelligent people. In this slogan, seemingly modest was self-defence against the enemy, she was a caller, ’ relentless, who silently protests. Our grandfathers were able to defend their homeland in an open fight, armed, and did not defend it; our sons and grandchildren had a different work to share. You had to fight for this homeland all day, in all unit, at home, family, school, church – a word, as in the old Mohortian times, “sleeping a weapon in a strong hand to hold!”
Because since all breast had to be a fortress, all threshold of the homeland, all soul a nation, and that good had to be defended with life. With the appearance of submission and submission to the laws of captivity, with the concealment of feelings and thoughts, 1 had to stand to this difficult, sometimes impossible work, frequently so treacherous that it was impossible to discover the essential values of it – it frequently became a dangerous slope, in which 1 had to win. At times it was more pleasant to get excited, to organize a broad work, having gathered the full nation scattered in this abroad sea, and without considering the obstacles to establishing outbreaks of Polish culture, secret schools, bibljoteka. They were so brave here and there, and the underground work went on and on and on...
There were those who, under the horror of dispatch or confiscation, gave up their own life and property, carried creative work in Ukrainian towns and villages. However, this work continued to break, bound by fear, due to the fact that the sharp eye of the Russian gendarme permeated trends and frequently even excessive fees and services provided did not help. The detection of specified work was already at the same time its death, exposing its participants to far-reaching consequences. all specified work was excavated by police vigilance and further development.
Today, looking at this impartially at the ends of the Polish life from the position of erstwhile years, it is hard to be amazed or outraged that a more peaceful and little inflamed part of society for the preservation of its positions, assets, freedom and ability to rise children abstained from participation in this underground work, that these youthful passions of powerlessness and stubbornly looked at as madness.
Unconditionally, the function of the subjects of the surviving conditions of the grey being was a warrant of maintaining the existence of the Polish element. Even where more bold Polish works were created, thanks to the removal of the overwhelming number of end Poles, they could make and grow in the shadows. It never occurred to anyone that, among those resigned and silent, devoted to their household and to their property, the thought of any illegal work may have awakened, and this apparent indifference of any of them frequently provided a protective wall for the works that arose here and there.
They were silent, but feelings were never sold deep down. The dreams of the heroic past, eternally costly and sacred, waited in secret for specified a minute – but that silence had to be, those were the saddest. On the background of a life alienated from public and social works, there were frequently characters. Forced stagnation caused many painful and unreturned to leave. The school strategy rapidly russified, bringing home even a forced Russian book as a vacation job, asking a immense amount of Russian works to read and thus denying absolutely Polish reading. past Ilovian[3], falsely commenting on Polish history, in the minds of young people there was confusion and pain, or negatively educated national feelings. The influence of the Russian spirit has frequently permeated and transformed Polish souls so far that young people seeking a way out for the broken blood of the young died for Poland forever in the lines of revolutionary Russian unions.
A painful example of overt panic gives us the year 1890, erstwhile 36 Polish students of the school in Żytomierz were not allowed to postgraduate for establishing a ellipse of self-education in their native language and for not wanting to participate in the tipping and spying on their colleagues, which was forced by the then principal, a known Russian-speaking Sidors[4].
A wealthier intelligence, the landowners went to Warsaw a year to look at the Polish work there, enjoy the Polish language, see the Polish scene... or to Krakow to "eat there, drink the homeland". Having in their eyes vivid images of the contemporaries, intoxicated with the freedom of manifestation celebrations on the grand phase “Twenty steps across and along”, they returned to their Pipidówka , full of fresh impressions, fears and protests... And deep down, any quiet thought grew, any prayer of the guarding household fires, which the Wyspiański poet so stigmatizes as “the oath of graves.” And yet it was in the depths of focus that saved Poland, through it at that time of penance Poland continued and survived, due to the fact that it was this bloodless fight in which "the soul was fought for".
Palaces, manors and manors were the focal points of Polish culture, the reason for Polish thought. They were shelters during vacation holidays for many scholars, literate, poet, artist, tired of the life of the city. How hastily they rushed into these hospitable limits of the land of the end, spending many months there, in order to enrich Polish art, knowledge, culture with a fresh work, and fresh prey! And these masterpieces of our painters, purchased exhibitions, filling halls, these immense collections, which frequently contain priceless materials for a scholar, historian, poet, were they not tangible evidence of cultivating the national spirit and this love of tradition keeping religion in Poland tomorrow? These were guarantees of continued and building for the future.
For now, underground work, illegal work, on shaky grounds, has been rejected, in order not to overturn what existed to store and maintain. The amount of land held by Poland in Volyn, Podol and Ukraine, as calculated, reached 3 million hectares, and this possession developed agricultural culture, the home industry, perpetuated on this faded, obstinate responsibility of east barbarity and wildness the breath of spirit and thought. The impossible coexistence with the local population and with a certain percent of Polish property and alleged tiny nobility did not, however, completely halt any charitable influence and help, whose centre was always the court.
With the failure of Polishness at the ends, with the slogan "Death to masters, death to bourgeois people", real life left with these lands. For decades, however, the perfect of sobriety, the existence of property as the only Polish standing, strengthened souls and explained thoughts. The ruthless submission to a abroad government, which was regarded as its own, due to the fact that the Russian emperor was called the king of Poland and the large Lithuanian prince, caused a forced failure of aspirations and in many cases he mowed hearts. From this assumption, that the sworn government was not allowed to act against him, it was not even possible to desire independence, to shrink the soul, to cripple the language, to lose Polish individuality... Officials, petty owners, tenants, and mill and agricultural workers, those who lacked funds to travel and courage to express their feelings, were the most condemned to submit to that fate.
And yet, erstwhile freedom voices began to talk in 1905 and later, erstwhile people were allowed to think about national freedom, the first, most vivid ones turned out to be those seemingly lost to the Polish spirit – those workers whose sons of the ball in Russian gymnasiums, accepting indifferently all influences and views for the karjera and the future, these humble girls of the gymnasium, whose only way out were the slogans of Russian demagogji, those houses where Russian books were bought for cheapness and bibljoteki were created from publications ‘Grows’ [5]The first to appeal. It was as if the outer smudge of forced marazmu had fallen and a Pole, a patrjota who wanted Polish work, manifested himself. I greet you with mediocre homesteads, grey workers, so immediately, at this minute peculiar, they heard this bronze bell calling upon the emerging homeland! Each of your hard-earned money given to the Polish army, or to the Polish school, stated this long-resistanced outburst of natural feeling and joy, which was no longer essential to hide and which gave hope, that "it was not lost".
However, if the spirit of Poland remained in the palaces and manors within the limits of the old ones, it was worse with the younger brother, the 1 to whom access was forbidden, to whom only sometimes, a word of encouragement and encouragement was secretly received. In Podol, Volyn, and even Ukraine, the full settlements occupied by purely Polish people — peasants of mazurs with full families of various times brought by Polish landowners for agricultural work were frequently met. specified concentration in larger quantities of the Polish people protected them from ethnicity; connected with common life they stored national properties, customs and language, incapable to be absorbed by most Russian people. He defended their church, they removed themselves from abroad influence in a strict household reunion. The school was not in force, so it was possible to avoid learning Russian, so it was frequently possible to meet a father or grandfather, teaching a Polish patriarch and showing Polish letters on an old, worn-out elementary...
But the saddest of the saddest, the most disinherited, and the most handicapped were those who were behind them, tiny or agricultural, nobles from the grandpa great-grandfather, tea houses of Poles with beautifully sounding names, somewhere from Jagillons, or Batory from his ancestry. The tendency of the government was to float into 1 mass of Russian peasants, to mix with the local population, which besides became slowly, through constant common contact, adaptation to common needs, through marriages, through this coexistence, in which there was no breath, no thought distinguishing them. Their slogan was: “not to stand out” so as not to irritate chaotic instincts. akin to these anemic, shoulderless pine trees, pressed into the forest wide-grown oaks and beech trees, disappeared.
Mixed marriages separated full families from Poland, writing them into Orthodox books. According to Russian law, children of specified marriages had to be Orthodox. The decrease in the Polish component has been observed annually with amazement. They said: “Fifty, 20 years ago, all Janishivka-Bohatyrka, a household place Bohdan Zaleski[6], these were Catholic villages, Polish, present only a fewer huts remain". They adapted, dangling invisiblely into the local element, forgetting speech, mixing inactive distorted Polish patriarch, keeping the habit of Easter confession, which they could not even do in Polish. They became a surviving reflection of this Buildings from “Mr. Balcer”[7]Who forgot everything. “We have departed from theirs, and here they do not want us,” they said patheticly. The infinite differences remained, irritating the Russian peasant, causing envy or contempt. Gentleer, little qualified to work, weaker physically, sometimes incapable to meet the job, faster and more efficiently performed by the peasant Rusin, risking any of his disregard. She was besides hated by specified a daughter-in-law, “the 1 with the wench”, as she is called contemptible.
That's the tragedy of all of them. More and more frequently since 1905, repeated agitations, destroying the local people against the "gentlemen", have turned fiercely against them, the remaining fistful of petty nobles who have been increasingly limping to escape unnoticed. “We will slaughter you first, for you have besides been called “sticks”. The name “nobility” was translated by “nobility” – vagrants. specified conditions, specified feelings, turning into a painful fear, undermined this sad percent of the Polish population, which had already wanted a peaceful life. Even church attendance was neglected. Don't pay attention. The huts were even spoken in Russian, and erstwhile asked why at least at home they were not trying to keep their parent tongue, they replied: “We are so utilized to it! We sit here like a mouse under the broom – they would kill us otherwise! We are terrible!” Sometimes, sometimes, as old as Grandma's planet tried to talk in Polish, erstwhile it happened so unexpectedly, she was able to extract memories of those who died at Dubienka... There have been times erstwhile in a confidential chat he dared to “Obuda”, the mouth was solved and, behold, he spoke of his father – grandfather, who died in uprisings, about forests where they hid from the enemy... And then from the depths of the trunks old, decayed papers, evidence of nobility, herald traces of merit for the homeland, royal donations from the 17th century inactive – and quietly with pietism and tears in the eye were laid again in these places. That's the way it was sometimes to exposure the rams of these souls... The building spoke and remembered.
But it's been worse. The Church, the only place where they could hear the Catholic “Lord’s speech” besides great, frequently with a paromilow distance made access difficult. They had to go to the local populace for baptism or burial, frequently under-informed, thus entering Orthodox books. Bad memories took them, they could not forgive, they did not want to understand. any erstwhile border processes with a part of courtland, these ill-aware tendent Polish uprisings, which were taught that the gentlemen wanted to return the "gentlemen" and so even the national song was transformed: "Lord, you may return to us, sir!" This was unfavorable and ensnared the position quo. Earthly intelligence, desiring to break through this wall of resentment by entering their huts with same - sacrificing love, frequently exposed to painful reception. On occasion, the door was slammed with a threat and swindling. And erstwhile clearly and thoroughly explained 1 dreary noble to mention Polish science: that they would not be allowed in today, they no longer know what the government was imprisoned for and sentenced to exile, they know why the gentlemen were walking in the woods... No, they will not give children for any Polish science... it is for nothing!” Others with disbelief nodded: “Let them learn in Polish, but it will not do them any good!”
The hardest thing was to overcome this mistrust – no enthusiasm was spared to accomplish the goal. There were those who were able to reconcile attending secret Polish discipline and authoritative going to agrarian school. In 1900 organized in the most collapsed part of Ukraine, in Tersaean district[8], 2 formal four-class Polish schools, which, under the authoritative name of the sewing and carpentry shops, took over boys and girls, children of the Polish agrarian population – and thanks to the favour of the erstwhile pristata[9], well-paid, who in these establishments wanted to see only a “table and a sewing house”, managed to last 10 years. For a number of years, these schools have awakened the Polish movement in the countryside and captured Polish lands for cooperation, and became the basis for future Polish pioneers among the tiny Polish nobility. The children, returning to their huts, protested sharply against abroad speech with parents and family; the messages taken from the school impressed parents who trusted the children with the care of Polish instructors. There were many requests for admission to discipline so that the thin frame of establishments was frequently incapable to meet the challenge that was expanding, increasing in the eyes. At the same time, after 1905, they began to beg people from neighbouring villages to organize specified a school at their home, to take on all the costs of keeping teachers, to offer free housing and a place for school. The year 1911 – 1912 brought fast changes, was thrown out of the way for these godly works begun; thanks only to the courtesy of the extraordinary “prestacle” of both plants quietly, as they were created so secretly ceased to exist.
The same children who hid themselves from Polish care a fewer years ago, who so far fled like a chaotic creature, without knowing the efforts of Polish cultural work, after respective years of hard efforts were reconciled, transformed – this is the cruel minute erstwhile they were told the end, closing the study, returning home, crying, they cried out, “What have we done to them, how bad people are, whether they know what harm they are doing to us!” Many manors accepted a partially distraught group of children, as far as possible completing the interrupted learning, in hiding further under various appearances educating children and sending them to Warsaw to the teachers' seminary or business establishments. specified risky attempts under various circumstances have been made in various parts of Volyn, Podola and Ukraine, mostly in cities in Kiev, Żytomierz, Berdycz, Kamieniec, Winnica, creating secret education circles that spread their precious benevolent seeds to provinces. I do not want to mention here the names of these courageous founders in the field of national creativity, so as not to overlook those who remained hidden, unknown entirely due to the care of their ant, underground work, which is why it could work more and more efficiently. The names will blur, the crops remain.
In 1917 the first authoritative organization of the “Regional Council” and later the “Polish Executive Committee” was established, which would gather the spread of Polishness at the ends of 1 chief power, which would then present the Polish forces remaining at the old Polish borders. erstwhile a immense national run developed on the streets of Kiev, greeting the freedom of the peoples, the Polish people with all their organizations, folk education, crafts brothers, aiding Polish soldiers and exiles, The executive committee, the Polish School Matrix, moved before the eyes of astounded citizens of the city. They walked long, fine, smoothly, with a banner on which the White Eagle and the Blessed parent lit up like everlasting torches, and singing for their homeland poured into a space compatible with the choir. Disbelief and disbelief were seen; unfriendly voices were heard from different sides; "What's that, how come they're here so much?" It was not wanted to believe that this Polish population survived in silence and focus by raising a nation. However, from the number of those who have devoted their work to the sacrifice of life to keep Poland within themselves, the names of two, which are hard to keep silent. I remember unspeakable moments spent in tight rooms on the lowest level of the alleged St. Ulashin in Kiev [10].
A group of children sat on large oblong tables and spewed questions and answers clear, concise, bold, testifying to the awakening of hearts and well-prepared, developed minds. And this beautiful day, erstwhile in the hall of the Polish club “Fire”, in the same Kiev, in the hall filled with Polish citizens, there appeared a small, somewhat inclined figure, Jozafat Andrzejowski, returning from exile, to whom he was sentenced for this work Polish secret, educational, for organizing the national multitude of workers of his pottery mill – for caring for their children, for all the skillful, long-lasting capture of this godly work. There was a thousandth crowd and long-lost applause greeted the returning worker, in a deep tribute to his feet falling. And here, under the aegis, and following the example of these people, the Polish education was promoted, until the beautiful star of 1917, from which the eyes of enemies faded. Years later, completely free-growing Polishness, draws Jan Kornecki in his book: “The past of Education in Russia“, a large memory is besides included in the brochure on the Sejm and Polish Executive Committee from 1917 [11].
It is crucial that since 1915 – 16 years Polish work has erupted with hot lava. Long-term paused, and the unextinguished feelings spoke. Poland was dawning... And on the faces of those people centered in 1 thought, in 1 hope, in 1 unparalleled work of force, the fire of God truly reflected. The certainty that “the 1 who did not perish will emergence from our blood” added flight. From the attic to the suterins, cottages to the huts, patiently, the population of Polish villages, towns and towns was written without remainder – and the day each brought its fruit.
This review and message of the Polish population was a journey in an unknown land of fresh discoveries or bitterness, Poland was born all day or it was devastated. Many returned to forgotten ones, many did not admit to Polishness, contemporating the name "Catholic", but Poland grew stronger, more confident, more compact from day to day. There have been emotional scenes, the impression that at last it was possible to be Polish and to talk about this intoxicated, excited, so many, dared and already certain, were joyfully pressing for records – they returned to Catholicism gremily. Tears of painful and apostasy healed these moments of cordial return. In this was faith, comfort, the future. Indeed, given the conditions and circumstances that were hostile, it was not to be outraged that there were so few, but to be amazed and glad that there were so many left. And here from these hearts the saddest were sometimes the words of hyperbolic simplicity. That's what he said. Bratkowski[12], 1 of the seniors of this tiny nobility, recalling the past time: “There were many of us here, we stood on the bridge, we were frequently forced to go to that side, and we even had to go, but we stood and we stood so far and we would stand.”
New forces were born all day, and Poland sounded more and more. The arrival of Polish exiles in 1916, this Polish peasant, made a large impression on this Polish people from under the agrarian roof. Finally, it was believed that Poles are not only “Lord”, but they are a nation that constitutes Poland, that she was truly and will happen again if we care about it. Volyn, Podole, Ukraine before the partitions formed 1 of Poland, after the partitions of the commonly-called "taken provinces", killed with 1 pulse, abruptly the hidden depths of desires, in which only Poland was seen. There was no manor, no manor, no palace, no country, and no city, where the tight work of helping the exiles, moral care, no education work did not last with sincere thought, no fresh facilities were organized, all of which attracted multitudes to act. The full area of Wołynia, Podola and Ukraine was swarming with schools, and the Polish school and all Polish organization was a model of order, fitness, skills that impressed strangers. The Rusini applied for the honor of accepting children to the Polish school. Polish component grew and was powerful; this inflowing exile population had a large influence on the improvement of the language, no longer ashamed to talk Polish, Polish speech with pride and surely sounded in all huts. And the large storm was coming, roaring and threatening. The year 1917 was coming.
The erstwhile sparks in the Russian man, the Moscow-Bolshevik propaganda broke out with a terrible flame, in which the religion of this people and those who had always lived this religion would burn. Work was not interrupted. The storm had already torn the roofs, undermined the ground under its feet, and the Polish intelligence connected in the memorable work did not take distant the eyes from what started so wonderfully – they worked among the wind and storm. And who would look at this fistful of Polish among hostile alien waves, among the decaying social foundations, with the constipation and dedication of the forces of all the upbuilding and forming among the bursts of angry elements, would take it as a fistful of madmen. Indeed, it was the work of madmen who were threatened by destruction. From these locusts, from those yet unknown, yet far distant yesterday, the comforts of their loved ones and their own. They said, “You gotta stand, you gotta sit until the roof lights up over your head.” And we stayed until the roof caught fire. And erstwhile it caught fire, erstwhile the age estates lay in the rubble, the last works, the thoughts that fed the generations erstwhile the “house” collapsed; the fire of the weather, the good creative idea, erstwhile on the head of the Polish landowners of all intelligent individual were marked with prices, and panic as the choking smoke poisoned all breaths, erstwhile everything was falling in bloody fires and cruel torment... who could, ran to Poland,... who could not...
Where are you today? Where you, with a parent's blessing, with a breast feeling full of emotions stood at the threshold of the first authoritative Polish school, praying the words of the Polish national song; you who gathered in huts were fishing greedily for stories about Poland in shackles and about the another already free and independent listened that barely your hearts broke out of joy! Are you alive, dead in torment of persecution, or tired of fighting, torture, violence, hounding your head to a new, terrible yoke? These Polish mediocre children, condemned to Bolshevik degeneration, those scapegoat teachers who did not want to abandon them, to watch over the silent influence of the soul of the Polish past. These families with no means, these demolished villages, those forced to work, from which they turned their hearts with sleazyness, and the hands and thoughts they had to accept to live. These holy priests, these missionary souls, looking into the spirit of mankind, carrying the standard of God? Escort them out, save them, put them safely in Poland.
When they came to Kiev, Father Naskrecki[13] and Father Skalski[14] They said, “Come to the church tomorrow!” And the next day, erstwhile the Warsaw MPs entered the church, their eyes were struck by the amazed temple, full of people. This was the answer of the venerable priests: those needy, troubled, broken could not leave. And the others. They were not afraid of persecution, torment, torture, which became the share of infinite numbers of martyrs, whose names would be recorded on bloody pages of history. They stayed due to the fact that they were needed. And those who made it through all hell, who yet made it to their homeland, fell to their knees, kissing dust, earth in a vow of everlasting life. Everybody's at work. As anyone could and could, courageously, boldly, without false shame, with fear only that he might not turn out to be unprofitable on the home quest, to find a place to work. It was tight in the country, crowded, trampled on each other. Day after day, quietly, with subjection you had to gain respect and trust of fellow countrymen. The fight for being bitter is. Many became powerless in this fight! But no one, always murmured against the fates which, in exchange for being independent, gave him their own independent homeland for the roof. They only thanked God for it, saying proudly: “We have Poland!” A series of pale, sad women, a needle or a crochet who gain regular bread, who make the most average kitchen or peace work, a teacher's legion, with a grin welcoming the day of care and hunger, men in worn-out, flying clothes, rushing from the office to the office, waiting for a variety of...
And these Polish youths, these Polish children, with ecstasy and hope moving to Poland as a mother. The groan of the murdered parents, the siss of the houses falling apart in flames, follows him and means in hearts a frightening reflection. Everyone's life is immeasurable suffering that has no expression. There are terrible scenes going on and they're going deaf. The pain there can supply long-term topics for unbelievable novels. People last and survive. Young people, children almost, on the first call stand at the command of the Homeland in defence of the Bolshevik invasion. Many die in the death of warriors, many bring the embryos of incurable diseases. The crossings of Ukraine, the work of forces, the war, rise badly. They come out of it victorious. Thanks to the assistance of children and young people from the Polish border, the organization of the underdogs, they find a roof, care and postgraduate schools. Then, in mediocre academic fires, which were besides created in order to effort these barmen, they decision on. They learn and earn, frequently falling in strength. They learn not to be a burden on their homeland. And go back to your country. Fatherland and fatherland, these 2 feelings break in their hearts with double love. The goal is bright and bright in this long way to travel. It's hard to look distant from his cradle, the soul doesn't leave from the beginning.
In the visions of probability, the impossible becomes possible. Feelings of change, return, reconciliation, the threads of missionary destiny are coming. The boleslaw trumpets and the guards of the Golden Gate are roaring from the bottom of the bottom of the floor: “To the work of the left facility!” The young steppe lives hope.
To finish another image moves before your eyes. There is simply a power of thought that transcends the narrow framework of human politics — acts that are the fruit of inspiration, not judged by human reasoning. Their importance is deepened creatively beyond the borders of the real world.
Entering Kiev, the Polish army was a symptom of the majesty of the brightest Republic. There are no words in human speech for the dedication of the sensations and experiences of these “born in captivity, forged in power!” It is no wonder that the hearts of joy were broken, that they saw salvation. For this lift of the unforgettable hearts of “the saddest”, for confirmation of history's transformation, for showing the living, functioning, independent Poland, for these abruptly light faces of enemies, let the blessed madness be. Blessed be the 1 who fulfilled them, who revived the pages of our past with the radiance of old, raised up and strengthened hope, with the mist of the future. triumph to those who believe.
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Footnotes :
[1]Kazimierz Gliński (p. Kazimierz Poroh) – born 1850 in Vasilivka k/ Kiev, born 1920 in Nałęczów. Polish poet, playwright and novelist. He came from a impoverished land family. He was the boy of Louis Gliński and the father of Mieczysław Gliński. He graduated from a secondary school in Berdyczów. In 1868, he began his studies at the historical-philological faculty of the Jagiellonian University. He moved from Krakow to Warsaw in 1873. He was treated in Nałęczów, where he died and was buried in the local cemetery, and on the building of the Management Board of the Medical Department in Nałęczów there is simply a plaque that commemorates the writer.
Bibliography:
http://www.biblionetka.pl/author.aspx?id=3764
[2] ‘Mohort. A Song of Our Land“” – a poem written by Wincente Pol, whose game is the communicative of the end knight, defender of homeland and faith. The poem was created in 1840-52 and was released in 1855. The subject was taken by a poet from the communicative of his friend, Ksaver Krasicki. In six rapsods, written in the convention of the story, the author outlined a model of a Christian knight-patriot, setting the communicative of Mohort against the background of a panorama of Polish past beginning with the time of John III Sobieski. This imagination inspired many outstanding painters, including Juliusz Kossak, Piotr Michałowski, January Suchodolski;
https://pl.wikisource.org/wiki/Mohort_(Pol,_1875)/ca%C5%82o%C5%9B%C4%87
[3] Dmitri Ivanovich Ilovajski ( 1832 – 1920 ), Russian historian, author of textbooks for advanced schools
and the basic ones in force in the Kingdom of Poland, which falsifying the past of Poland, were utilized as a tool for rusification;
[4] In 1750 the Kiev Seymik in Owrucz passed that schools should be opened in Żytomierz, and the mission of their creation was entrusted to the Jesuits. Kazimierz Stecki, having received the dignity of a senator in the Kiev Castelania, he founded the Jesuit mission, building buildings for her needs (walled) with the church. But he made the condition that the Jesuits would hold a 3 - class school. The scope of discipline in Stecki's foundation has been extended by Józef Andrzej Załuski, bishop of Kiev, who added 4th to these 3 classes. After the cassation of the Jesuit order, educational issues were taken over by the recently established Educational Commission, which turned the erstwhile spiritual school into a secular institution. The school received the "departmental" character for Kiev and Bracławskie provinces and was a rapidly developing facility with an expanding number of students. After a ten-year period of the school’s existence, the number of students in 1784 was around 600. Additionally, the moving of the Polish school was carried out in the Żytomierz Bernardyna.
In 1761. Jan Kajetan Iliński – the old Żytomierski, erected a wooden church and monastery for the Bernardines, where by 1832 the nuns conducted a simple school for mediocre children from the suburb of Żytomierz. Żytomierz was separated from Poland after the second partition (1793), but remained a strong centre of Polish culture. Secondary schools in Żytomierz, for partitions subordinate to the Crown School – the erstwhile Krakow Academy, have been subordinate to the Treasury Ministry since 1797. erstwhile Prince Adam Czartoryski became the curator of the district, the full area to which the Żytomierz belonged was covered by a network of advanced schools that raised students in the Polish national spirit. From 1853, Józef Ignacy Kraszewski lived and worked in Żytomierz with his family, who was the curator of Polish schools and taught in the celebrated Jesuit College, founded in 1763 (the college was located at Czerniachowskiego Street).
Peter Sidorov – he was appointed manager of advanced school in Żytomierz after the fall of the January Uprising, erstwhile there were sharp retorsions concerning the scope of Poles' rights in the Kingdom of Poland. The goal of the Russian education administration was to maximum redeploy the mediate school and thus choice candidates-Poles for the university. And akin ones like Sidorov decided on how many Polish students would not receive a GED.
I have collected information based, inter alia, on:
"From the records and memories of Żytomierzyn" . author: Fr Kazimierz Naskręcki, ed. Maria Dębowska.
http://www.kresy.pl/events?see/sitometer:- Need-Polish-school
http://kresy24.pl/25269/old-sitometer/
http://dir.icm.edu.pl/en/Regographical Dictionary/Tom_XIV/903(p. 903 – 913)
http://dir.icm.edu.pl/en/Regographical Dictionary/Tom_XV_cz.2/729
[5]‘Niva’ – a two-week scholarly, literary and artistic survey on socio-cultural topics. The letter published in Warsaw from 1872 to 1905 (from 1895 as a weekly magazine, and from 1898 as ‘Niwa Polska’) propagated temporarily the ideas of positivist work (among others, it published its lyrics Eliza Orzeszkow – ‘Letters on Literature’, and Bolesław Prusus – cycles of columnists entitled ‘From the Stop’ – 1874, ‘Current Affairs’ from 1874, Henryk Sienkiewicz, Julian Ochorowicz), and after assuming the function of editor-in-chief by Mscisław Godlewski (1898) the ideological profile of the magazine changed to conservative;
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niwa_(time magazine)
[6] Józef Bohdan Zaleski – Born 1802 r. in Bohatyrce (d.Janisówka), Kiev province, 1886 r. in Villepreux, (now a village in the Île-de-France region, in the Yvelines department). He was buried at Montmartre Cemetery in Paris.Polish poet of the romanticist period. Together with Antoni Malczewski and Seweryn Goszczyński he is 1 of the “schools of Ukrainian” of Polish Romanticism. His poems were written in Polish poetry, which was seldom found in Polish alleged melionic syllables, characterized by a very regular arrangement of accented syllables and different melody of the poem. For this reason, many of his works became very popular and gained a musical setting, besides from prominent composers of the time, including Chopin's Fr.
[7]Building – one of Maria Konopnicka's poems entitled "Mr. Balcer in Brazil".
("Poezye, complete, critical edition t. X , "Mr. Balcer in Brazilja", Gebethner and Wolff, 1915);
http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Poezie_issue_zupe%C5%82ne,_critical_tom_X/Pan_Balcer_w_Brazilji
[8]Terazian county (Vehicles) – the territory in the Kiev Governorate (existed until 1918), formed in 1800 from the Piatyhorian and Lipovian districts, whose capital was Tarasha;
http://dir.icm.edu.pl/en/Regographical Dictionary/Tom_XII/160(pp. 160 – 163)
[9]prist – Police function in Tsarsk Russia (from 1837 until the 1917 Revolution), Commandant or Commissioner of the police station in the locality;
[10]Stanisława Ułaszyn led illegal teaching (school) of Polish children in the Pasenkiewicz flat in Kiev;
[11]http://bs.sejm.gov.pl/F?func=find-b&request=000000698&find_code=SYS&local_base=ARS10
[12]I failed to identify which Bratkowski It's going. Bratkovski was a large nobility household on Podol, and also, among others, in Sieradsk and hunting land;
[13] Fr Kazimerz Naskrecki, Born 1878 in Żytomierz, 1950 Kwidzyn;
http://catholics1844.republica.pl/ZSRR/Nakrecki.htm
[14]Rev. Teofil Skalski, Born 1877 in Kirylówka, Podol, Zwinogrodzki County, Kiev Province,
1958. Massana Dolna;
http://Catholics1844.republika.pl/ZSRR/Skalski.htm
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List of my notes on the “Navigator School” portal at the link:
