Where did the communicative come from that “biological breeds do not exist”?
The belief that "race is only a social construct" is present in the public debate presented by leftist activists almost as the apparent conclusion of modern biology, although the past of this view is much more complicated and dates back to the period immediately after planet War II, erstwhile Western intellectual elites faced the problem of compromising racial theories previously utilized by Nazis.
In July 1950, UNESCO published "Statement on Race", a paper whose primary intent was to argue racism and to believe that there were biological differences between human groups that could justify their hierarchicalisation.
This was an initiative understood in the context of war experiences, but it is worth remembering that the first message was not the consequence of a modern consensus of geneticists, as it was primarily attended by representatives of anthropology and social sciences; among the 8 authors included Claude Lévi-Strauss, Franklin Frazier, Juan Comas and Ashley Montagu.
Importantly, the popular version of this communicative frequently besides simplifies the content of the paper itself, due to the fact that the "Statement on Race" did not simply say that biological differences between human populations did not exist. The authors stated that all humans belong to 1 species – Homo sapiens – but at the same time described populations as groups differing among others in the prevalence of circumstantial genes and physical characteristics, indicating that the existence of biological variation between populations was not denied by UNESCO.
The point of the message was, therefore, something else: an effort to break the link between the biological diversity of man and the thought of the racial hierarchy, namely the belief that differences in appearance, origin, or frequency of certain qualities may indicate the superiority of any groups over others. The problem arose later erstwhile 2 completely different claims began to be mixed in public discourse: the first that conventional racial categories do not accurately describe the structure of human biological variability, and the second that there are no hereditary biological differences between human populations.
Meanwhile, modern population genetics shows a much more complex image, due to the fact that humans are of course highly akin genetically, but at the same time populations of different geographical origins may vary in the incidence of circumstantial genetic variants, and the analysis of the full genome allows with large accuracy to survey the origin of ancestors, migrations, kinship and past of population mixing.
This does not mean, however, that genetics confirm the existence of respective simple, sharp and biologically distinct ‘races’ that can easy be assigned to contemporary categories specified as ‘white’, ‘black’ or ‘Asian’ due to the fact that human variability is mostly continuous, populations overlap and a immense part of genetic diversity besides occurs within individual populations.
It is worth noting another frequently overlooked fact: UNESCO itself considered that the first message needs to be completed, so in 1951 a further position was prepared, this time with the participation of specialists in genetics, human biology and physical anthropology, including J. B. S. Haldane and Theodosius Dobzhansky. The second message retained the basic rule of human equality, but at the same time discussed biological differences between populations much more precisely.
And here is the most crucial discrimination that is frequently forgotten in modern discussion: what is different is the message that "race" as a historical social category does not correspond to simple, separate biological units, and another claim that there are no hereditary differences between human populations. The first claim is consistent with the dominant position of modern population genetics, while the second is simply a much further simplification.
In another words, there is 1 species of man, there is simply a immense common genetic pool, there is constant variability and overlapping of the population, but there are besides measurable differences in the frequency of genetic variants associated with population origin.
The biggest mistake is replacing complex political technological knowledge, the left-wing slogan that "biological differences between populations do not be at all". The past of UNESCO papers shows that even in the early years of the post-war fight against racism, the issue was much more complicated, and the subsequent improvement of genetics only made this complexity even more apparent.
Unfortunately, in today's planet we increasingly announcement trends that if discipline contradicts ideology, the worse for science. It's not the first time the Left has rejected the facts. It is adequate to mention the substance of the deviant sex ideology, in which activists reject the technological fact about the sexuality of man. sex is conditioned by X and Y chromosomes alternatively than as they claim, by ‘self-identification’ of the unit and its momentary desire. Sex, like race, can only be mutilated.
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