On 7 November, another anniversary of the coup, which virtually "moved the lump of the world" and was baptized by descendants as the "Great October Revolution".
Both a crucial time position and fresh papers from the German, British and American archives are inactive being revealed today, allowing us to look deeper behind their scenes.
The most established stereotype – erstwhile the reasons for the Russian revolution are mentioned – is to make the image of a country where poorness and illiteracy reigned, ruled by “bloody despot” . A akin image is as simplistic as far from the truth. Let's start with the figure of the last Tsar of Russia. Mikołaj II ascended the throne on 1 November 1894 and immediately energetically began to improvement his state, with very good – it must be noted – effects. This is to the degree that the 1886 census showed that reading and writing skills possessed only 21% of the population, as early as 1913, due to an unprecedented increase in spending on universal education, 73% of conscripts had it!
As an assessment of Russia's economical potential, we can accept the work of the French economist and publicist published in 1914 Edmonda Thera "Economic Transformations of Russia", in which the author claims that while maintaining the current pace of development, Russia will dominate Europe in the political, economical and financial sphere.
Another story is the alleged cruelty of the Tsar. Throughout his almost 23-year rule, Russian courts issued a full of 6871 death sentences, 2981. Among the planet powers before the outbreak of planet War I, Russia ranked 5th behind the US, Germany, Britain and France. Of course, the above-mentioned predictions of the Romanov Empire's civilization leap did not inspire enthusiasm in Washington and London, so it was decided to take action to prevent a akin scenario.
And so unexpectedly, in 1902, the UK government entered into an alliance with Japan, someway sanctioning its conquest of Korea and lighting the green light into the war of the samurais with Russia, which actually broke out in 1904. Western friends utilized this to effort to trigger a revolution in Russia – it was during the 1905 Revolution that among its leaders appear Vladimir Iljicz Ulianov, hiding under Lenin's alias, Lejba Davidovich Bronstein, better known wide public as Lew Trocki and any Alexander Israel Lazarevich Helphand utilizing a name Alexander Parvus. The last 2 in 1904 took over 2 newspapers: “The Beginning” and “The Russian Newspaper” that made the tube of revolution. The circulation of both titles exceeded half a million copies, which allowed to scope the immense thing of people, and was sold after a kopecka for art, which naturally did not even cover printing costs. individual paid for all of this, and it was not an invisible marketplace hand! Black scenarios for Russian banks in both newspapers caused panic among the population, which began to massively retreat its contributions, which almost led to the collapse of the banking system.
The revolution suffered a defeat, but with the conflict with Japan it shook the finances of the Empire. This forced the Tsarist government to take credit – of course in banks of Western friends. For interest on these loans, between the decade 1904 and 1913, 1.7 billion rubles were paid, with the value of the loans themselves just over a billion rubles. Mysterious sponsors besides supported the terrorists all over the territory of the Empire, which produced highly tangible results. Only between January 1908 and May 1910, 19957 acts of panic were carried out in the Tsar State, after 300 attacks a day! To better illustrate the scale of the phenomenon, for example, in 2014 there were 176 specified events worldwide. It is estimated that Western empires at the time put on terrorism (read: the improvement of democracy) in Russia, $10 million, which is about equivalent to today's USD 250 million.
Given the facts described above, the greater respect must be given to Russia's economical performance during this period, which has shown a fast emergence in standard of surviving and the opportunities of its citizens. Where, then, are the reasons for the victorious revolution? Here's a small digression.
Already in the first half of the 19th century, French author and publicist Alexis de Tocqueville in the work “An old strategy and revolution”, he noted, that revolutions do not erupt in the moments of the top crisis, but just – paradoxically – erstwhile everything seems to “go for the better”. This correctness worked both in Russia and ... in our country in 1980!
The last nail to Russia's pre-revolutionary finance coffin was the outbreak of planet War I. Russia's sovereign debt increased at that time from 8.8 billion rubles in 1913 to ... 50 billion rubles in 1917! Something like this can't stand the economics of any country! Parallel allies continued their efforts to destruct Russia as a major power. Having a monopoly on war supplies for the Russian amy of the British, they carried them out irregularly and partially, which led, among another things, to the defeat of the Russian offensive in 1915, caused by ... deficiency of ammunition! After the war, British Prime Minister David Lloyd George At a minute of disarming honesty he confessed that this and another akin cases could have been prevented, but... it was not done. Coincidence or planned, consistent action? An ally (!) was shortly asked to deposit in London a condition of Russian gold reserves, as a warrant of payment for the war delivery. What happened. The Bank of England received gold values of 640 million rubles – for those times the sum of the price was very good.
Meanwhile, in 1915, in the German Ministry of abroad Affairs, Alexander Parvus, already known to us, is appearing, who proposes to his hosts to finance actions to lead to the outbreak of the revolution in Russia and, consequently, the resulting chaos, that this country fall out of the war. There was a note from these talks that described in item the mechanics for causing social unrest, turning them into a wave of strikes, then bringing people to the street and as a consequence the state's paralysis.
The mechanics was highly simple. In 1 of the departments (or in the establishment), a strike is “spontaneously” erupted. Strikers put the impossible to meet the demand, which causes a failure of conversation. The strike wave bursts and ends up bringing people to the streets. There was besides a price list for the "services" involved: regular for participating in demonstrations and shouting slogans, demonstrators were paid from 10 d0 70 rubles, and for shooting on the street from 120 to 140 rubles! For those times it was the equivalent of a monthly salary, so it was no wonder that there were no shortages of volunteers to “make money”. Standing on the Kiev Maidan, they paid far worse. Let us note, on the margins, that the same mechanisms are besides utilized today, erstwhile creating further "colour revolutions".
Making sides, fighting 2 fronts Germany’s plan fell consecutive from the sky, so immediately it was accepted and via Stockholm a stream of money for the “promotion of peace to the east” sailed into the pockets of the subversives. While it is hard to be amazed at the Germans – it is not known from now on that in war and in love all the moves are allowed – and that akin actions by nominal allies must be made in amazement.
This is at the beginning of January 1917 in fresh York City our old friend Lew Trocki (or as anyone prefers Leiba Bronstein), who holds a full series of meetings there – among others with John D. Rockefeller and his countryman Jacob Schiff, representing the Rotschild financial empire. We don't know what you were talking about, but we do know that the transatlantic return to Trotsky's homeland carried a fabulous amount of money for those times. $10,000 in gold to support the revolution. As is widely known, capital has no nationality and this version – if anything – I will stick to the end. An different shipment was taken by customs officers at the planned halt of the ship in Canada, but the competent services can see rapidly that overzealousness did not pay off, due to the fact that both the passenger and his luggage calmly sailed further in order to be in the midst of Peter’s revolutionary moods at the end of the month.
Lenin, who was at the time in Switzerland in a speech addressed to the revolutionaries who were there with him, said: “We, the aged (at that time 47 years old) may not live to see the battles of the revolution ...”. It was the end of January 1917... On 23 February (March 8th), the Lutov Revolution broke out in Peter's Garden, and on 1 March (14 March) the last of the Romanovs abdicated... Meanwhile, in Berlin, the moods were far from euphoria. So what if German money allowed the Russian to overthrow the auto-rentals erstwhile Russia remained in the war? The Provisional Government, which took power in Petrograd, planned to make peace with the allies of Germany: Austro-Hungarian, Bulgaria and Turkey, but... intended to proceed to fight Kaiser's army.
This is where Parvus suggested the solution. He proposed that the revolutionaries in Switzerland be transferred to Peter's Garden, which would give the charismatic revolution a leader and an organizational church. The proposal was accepted on both sides and, here from Switzerland, by Germany, by ferry to Sweden and further by rail through Sweden and Finland to the Piotrogrod a peculiar wagon was set off. We will not be divorcing about the nationality of passengers travelling there, but just to point out that there was 1 Russian among them, created in the aftermath of the "father of the revolution", although in the light of the facts cited, even the harshest court would gotta release him from this charge.
On the way, the revolutionary wagon and its contents stopped in Berlin for 24 hours – it was then most likely that the representatives of the German government made the marketplace with Lenin, after which they moved on. 1 of the conditions for further backing of the Bolsheviks by the Germans, in the event of their coming to power, was the immediate signing of the separatist peace by them. What happened.
On the night of 24 to 25 October (7/8 November) 1917, the Bolshevik coup brought them power, on 2 December 1917 talks began with the conclusion of an agreement on the immediate cessation of war on the east front. The next phase was the signing of the 03.03.1918 peace treaty in Brest, which ended Russia's participation in the First planet War.
The Car, interned with his full household by the troupes, turned to the British government for approval to come to London, which he was naturally denied, thus condemning everyone to certain death.
In 1 of the speeches after taking power, Trotsky gave the phrase that after the war, Europe will be governed not by diplomacy but by a "proletariat" which will call United States of Europe. At the time, it may have seemed like an empty rhetoric, but today, erstwhile the function of American peculiar services in the creation of the Second planet War of the European Union is known, this more than a century old declaration must lead to wonder.
Following the triumph of the Bolsheviks and the outbreak of civilian war in Russia, the time has come for the Americans to besides be able to disprove the support given to the pious. Since it was clear that Russia, active in civilian war, would not play any function in the peace conference, The Yankees joined the armed forces against the Germans in May 1918, with which they conducted average trade through the Scandinavian states throughout the war. The national Reserve Bank and Investment Bank J. P. Morgan and American companies already in 1918 obtained Russian orders worth 1,237 million rubles and concessions for exploration and extraction of natural materials in Russia – including oil. large quantities of czaric gold were besides found behind the ocean, and the modernization of the mine of this gold was carried out by the British.
This is how the large gathering of the proletariat, whose many representatives had the chance to thoroughly rethink the sensibility of their revolutionary elevations, during the many years of reeducation, which was provided by the team, specifically for this intent by the built network of centres, commonly known by the name of camp.
Naturally, the reasons mentioned in this publication for the Russian revolution do not pretend to exhaustion of the subject – in it I only tried to bring to light, its much little known themes. It is besides worth remembering, speaking of the crimes committed by the Bolsheviks about the guilt of those who, without the aid of which, would never have come to power.
Piotr Włodzimierz Sobolewski
Think Poland, nr 43-44 (23-30.10.2022)
