PJATK report: Return of communicative in the anti-vaccine movement towards pro-Russian propaganda

fakenews.pl 2 years ago

This study was prepared by a squad of analysts from the Polish-Japanese Academy of Computer Technology, as part of the task InfoTester. It besides includes editors from FakeNews.pl portal. The change in the communicative of the anti-vaccine movement towards anti-Ukrainian and pro-Russian propaganda became very clear erstwhile the invasion of Ukraine began.

In view of the specificity of the InfoTester project, it should be noted that the following text covers primarily the analysis of conspiracy portals. This means that only in part takes into account social media, which are a key place to spread misinformation. They will be the subject of a deeper analysis in another survey we have conducted. The PJATK study gives a very good cross-section of how narratives were changed among conspiracy environments. It is besides a good reason for further analysis and deeper cognition of the phenomenon of misinformation and its links with the Kremlin. Finally, it should be noted that the text was created in March and April 2022, so it presents phenomena that were then dominant.

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New trends in misinformation

A abrupt turn of communicative in the anti-vaccine movement towards anti-Ukrainian and pro-Russian propaganda

Written by Michał Pawela, Katarzyna Lipka, Mateusz Zadroga, Magdalena Wilczyńska

Abstract report

Analysts of disinformation working in the InfoTester task recognized a fresh trend in environments promoting false content – moving distant from the subject of pandemic and vaccination on COVID-19 towards the war in Ukraine and the situation of refugees in Poland. The study looks closer and explains what this 1 looks like. change. Analyzing which sources (media/paramedia pages) print pro-Russian and anti-Ukrainian content, it was concluded that a crucial part of the information space (dis) decided to change priorities in a very short time. The main misinformation messages (narrations) were then examined in item and it was established that they focus on building resentment and fear of Ukrainian refugees. The final part of the report, on selected examples, describes how anti-vaccination movement leaders launched disinformation campaigns on the war in Ukraine.

Introduction to the report

This study is the first to be created in connection with the analysis of the work of analysts investigating content possibly disinformation within the InfoTester task conducted by the Polish-Japanese Academy of Computer Technology, Medical University of Białystok and Science4People. The squad of analysts regular explores and debunks incredible content, weekly analyzing on average over 500 articles.

The outbreak of the war in Ukraine is simply a turning point in the Polish net space of misinformation. The intent of the study is to present the conclusions of the analysis of disinformation traffic, and, in particular, its clear change to decision distant from spreading typically anti-vaccinal or COVID-19-related content and to advance pro-Russian and anti-Ukrainian narratives. regular analysis of conventional "anti-vaccinating/anti-covid sources" has led us to conclude that this phrase occurred abruptly in just a fewer days, but not all portals and not all authors of possibly unreliable followed this trend.

The study consists of 3 parts. The first describes the alleged network of content links. In this part of the analysis, we indicate what information portals have previously duplicated pro-Russian content, besides indicating the probable origin of misinformation. This analysis allowed to create "disinformation background" and indicates where we will find possibly the most dangerous content.

In the second part of the analysis we present a change in the disinformation communicative published on these portals. The 3rd part cites Polish authors, who are known for promoting possibly unreliable content in the field of COVID-19 or vaccination, among whom we saw a decision towards promoting anti-Ukrainian and pro-Russian narratives.

The content on which this study is based has been analysed in accordance with the expert methodology developed for this project. Materials considered to be disinformation were thus named due to the fact that they meet the conditions characteristic of false/fabrication, manipulation or duplication or creation of conspiracy theories. A detailed description of the methodology for disinformation investigating is described in Special report.

Grid of links between Polish portals and Cremlow propaganda

Since the beginning of our work on the InfoTester project, we have been constantly monitoring websites spreading false content. As indicated by the results of the analysis carried out in late 2021 by our squad members, many Polish conspiracy and anti-vaccine portals featured the same content as well as well-known pro-Russian propaganda sites specified as:

5-tv.ru
arabic.rt.com
p.sputniknews.com
de.news-front.info
es.news-front.info
ge.news-front.info
es.news-front.info
geopolitika.ru
fondsk.ru
rt.com
castledaily.net
infowars.com
katehon.com
kp.ru
livenews.am
meiduret.md
southfront.org
svpressa.ru
tvzvezda.ru
1tv.ru
flux.md
unser-mitteleuropa.com
pl.sputniknews.com
Journal-political.com

According to our findings only during the year of pandemic (February 2020 – February 2021), Polish portals duplicating Russian propaganda narratives on COVID-19, gained almost 15 million reactions on social media, understood as the commitment measured by the sum of all comments, reactions and Facebook releases, the sum of all Twitter releases, the sum of Reddite engagements and the sum of all Pinterest releases. Each period the portals on the list recorded about 10 million unique visits.

Below we present a list of selected Polish-language websites, which duplicated the Kremlin's propaganda messages, related to misinformation regarding vaccination against COVID-19:

Neon24.pl
newateny.pl
discover covered.com
pantarhei24.com
♪ push24.pl ♪
planet.pl
midtime.net
Polish policy.eu
== sync, corrected by elderman == @elder_man
== sync, corrected by elderman ==
salon-information.pl
secrets-health.org
♪ I don't know ♪
associationrkw.org
secret archives.wordpress.com
Just dada.pl
♪ I don't know ♪
war.at
Free-polska.pl
freemedia.net
wrawo.pl
Change
♪ I've got a lot to say ♪
62-510.
covid1984pl.wordpress.com
eprudnik.pl
geopolitics.net
global.info
gloria.tv
== sync, corrected by elderman ==
brightness.info
Killuminati.pl
Poland's Inteligence Club.pl
I've got to go.

The analysis was done utilizing SimularWeb and BuzzSumo tools. Following Russia's invasion of Ukraine, any of these pages disappeared from the network.

Analysis results are not surprising. Already in 2018 EUvsDisinfo initiative She was alertingwith strong links between conspiracy rhetoric, including anti-vaccination, and Russian propaganda. In addition to the above-mentioned portals, we have analyzed more than 200 another sites classified according to our methodology as unreliable sources for anti-vaccine content and anti-Ukrainian narratives. Our observations besides include 135 likewise classified groups and Facebook pages.

Due to the limitations of the project, we are incapable to supply an accurate quantitative analysis that would confirm the change of anti-vaccination narratives to pro-Russian and anti-Ukrainian. However, the conclusions of our regular work and ongoing qualitative analyses are clear: The abrupt return of conspiracy rhetoric, which has so far duplicated false information related mainly to the pandemic, is simply a fact. Currently, most of the websites we watch focus on the misinformation related to the war, passing on the content that we have identified previously on openly pro-Russian portals.

Our observations are quantitative reports IBMS, indicating that up to 90% of anti-vaccination accounts made this return of communicative at the beginning of the war in Ukraine.

This change is even more visible for social media. Our anti-vaccine accounts and anti-vaccine groups are increasingly giving up their narratives and starting to distribute content in line with the Russian propaganda lineed (especially anti-refugee materials).

We are forecasting a further increase in the number of specified false information due to the general trend in conspiracy environments to decision distant from topics related to COVID-19 for current and popular information – especially those related to the war in Ukraine and the exile crisis in Poland. The issue requires urgent monitoring by disinformation investigation centres and competent government authorities.

Types of communicative before the outbreak of the war in Ukraine

Since the first months of the pandemic, we have seen increasing misinformation narratives. Many of them was by Kremlovian propaganda designed to spread fear and undermine public assurance in state institutions. How She Showed analysis conducted by FakeNews.pl: “Most fake news did not come straight from the east, they were only identified, processed and distributed by a network of pro-Russian portals. They were not even aimed at Poland, but mostly Western countries." EUvsDisinfo detected and identified more than 800 false information sold and driven by pro-Russian websites.

Several dominant narratives could be noted. First of all, those concerning vaccination. The main axis was aimed at undermining their safety. The intent of these narratives was to discourage Western societies from vaccination and undermine medical progress.

Secondly, we have identified those who are talking about alleged human rights violations. The alleged sanitary segregation, including the work to wear masks, execute tests or check covid passports in restaurants, or public institutions, was intended to enslave societies. The power in this way would ‘train’ citizens to be more obedient.

Thirdly, many narratives questioned the legitimacy and effectiveness of the COVID-19 tests, in peculiar RT-PCR techniques. This was expected to be a lie about the statistic of infections and the desire to deceive society. In addition, extreme, elaborate conspiracy theories frequently contained contradictory theories. any said that the virus was created by a laboratory, others said that SARS-CoV-2 does not be at all and is just a conspiracy of governments to make a planet government. There were besides many narratives that vaccines were meant to be utilized to depopulate humanity to make it easier to control.

However, whatever their content, conspiracy theories had a very negative impact on the cohesion of Western societies, breaking the foundations of liberal democracy.

The beginning of the war and the first reactions to so far mainly anti-vaccination sites

Prior to the beginning of the invasion of Ukraine, any conspiracy portals directed their attention towards the rising tension in the east. Some, however, were not curious in the subject at all, and apart from a fewer examples, we were able to find more than single texts on the subject. At this stage, the majority of covid content inactive reigned.

One of the websites that was eager to print content about Ukraine was the Kontroversje.net portal. Before the invasion, the communicative conducted on this site focused primarily on bagging threats from Russia. Even on the first day of the invasion, the portal editors unbelief in the scale of the attack, convincing that it is simply a "military operation on a tiny scale".

Even then, the division between conspiracy portals could be seen, though their narratives on COVID-19 were mostly consistent. any of them underestimated the threat, but many were eager to compose about the threat from the Russian Federation. For example, on FreeMedia.net we may have encountered texts respecting Russia's activities. Although in the following weeks narratives They started turning. To conspiracy theories.

After a fewer days of war, we could begin to separate 2 types of narratives on the Polish Internet: typically conspiracy, assuming the existence of any secret plan and those aimed at refugees and Ukrainians as such. The first of the narratives presented were very eager to replicate specified portals as Polish Intelligence Club, Paper is Neon24. We could have found any interesting conspiracy theories there. They assumed the participation of 3rd forces whose intentions were ominous to influence planet order.

Here are any of them:

1. Network of secret laboratories producing biological weapons – That conspiracy explanation assumes that the Americans have created respective laboratories in Ukraine producing deadly weapons. This was meant to be the real and at the same time the secret reason for Russia's invasion of its neighbour. Putin is portrayed in her as a hero who saves the planet from the threat of American imperialism. In fact, how proved at least respective fact-checking organisations from around the world, specified laboratories do not exist. The false message is based on the authoritative cooperation of the US with Ukrainian laboratories, which is supplied with medical equipment and supported in investigation into the simplification of threat from weapons of mass destruction.
2. Creation of Heavenly Jerusalem– this communicative assumes, that the war in Ukraine was called up to form a fresh state of Israel in the south-eastern part of it. Jews have allegedly been seeking a place to settle for years, due to the threat from arabian states. They were to choose a part of Ukraine, as there was erstwhile a Chazar state there, who reportedly had passed massively on to Judaism. no no evidence in support of these, too, and researchers have serious doubts as to whether the Chazars have always accepted the Moses religion.
3. Undercover of war, globalists form the WHO anti-pandemic treaty – It's another conspiracy explanation that assumes secret forces. This time, war is just a cover for the planet wellness Organization. It allegedly created a treaty on the basis of which all associated countries are to be deprived of decision-making capacity. In this way totalitarianism will be introduced in the planet and the eventual power over humanity will be taken over by globalists. The Polish government was to quietly accept this document.
  In fact, the full communicative is based to work on a paper created by the WHO, which in the future is intended to facilitate and improve action against future pandemics. It is worth noting at this point that the treaty does not yet exist, and it is not until 2024. It is hard to presume that he has something in common with the desire to take over the planet erstwhile his exact assumptions are not yet known.

Anti-refugee narratives on vaccine portals

The second kind of communicative became the aforementioned information on Ukrainian refugees. They entered perfectly into prokremlian propaganda, building social tensions between Ukrainians and Poles. Specially susceptible dirt was hit by social media. On Facebook or Twitter, they received thousands of access and hundreds of unfavorable comments from refugees. However, this does not mean that conspiracy portals have not been active in spreading specified content. The following portals were peculiarly active in this case: Lega Artis, Right is Earth Change. They created an atmosphere of fear and resentment towards refugees, saying frequently that Ukrainians in Poland have more privileges than local citizens.

Below are any examples of the most popular narratives:

Ukrainian citizens are banned from eviction – This communicative contains information that it is impossible to get free of the Ukrainians admitted to the home. They're even expected to face penalties, including a year in prison. The intent of this communicative is to make conflicts between Poles and refugees. It is intended to deepen resentment, increase the sense of danger, and strengthen suspicion of those fleeing the war. The propaganda message is mostly based on false premises, greatly exaggerating the problem.
New apartments will be transferred to Ukrainian refugees alternatively of Polish families – According to these claims, refugees would be given free housing for Polish families. This is expected to prove that Ukrainians in Poland are more privileged than citizens of our country. This information is besides not true. They concern housing which were either empty or temporarily unavailable to Polish residents and as shortly as they are released, they will be handed over to Polish families.
Ukrainian citizens receive higher benefits than Poles – The main origin of this communicative is graphics circulating on social media comparing supposedly how much money the Ukrainian parent receives as a benefit, and how much Polish parent receives. The list shows that mothers from Ukraine receive over 4.5 times more money than Polish women. This is not actual due to the fact that the Ukrainians will receive a number of benefits, but they are the same, or in any cases even limited to those received by Poles. any are access to public education or healthcare. However, in no way do the privileges and rights of people from Ukraine exceed those available to Poles.
There are fewer women with children among Ukrainian refugees – Another communicative aimed at creating fear and uncertainty towards Ukrainian refugees was claims of a tiny number of women and children fleeing the war. It aimed to make a imagination that people outside Europe would not let women and children to flee their homeland. Most of the news was racist. Information was besides duplicated that black refugees were to attack women in Przemysl.
As you can imagine, in this case this information had small to do with the fact and was frequently spread through accounts and portals of suspicious activity. This is simply a perfect example of how disinformation can drive force and harm innocent people. Unfortunately, the run against foreigners led to an expanding wave of hatred in the net and real violence.
Ukraine is simply a ‘conscription of infectious diseases’ and refugees can infect polio – there have been claims on the net that Ukrainians are an epidemic threat. There are false WHO messages on social media informing of this threat. People fleeing the war are expected to contribute to polio epidemics in Poland. erstwhile again, these narratives are importantly different from reality. The hazard of polio infection in Poland is minimal. Our country is characterised by a advanced level of grafting against this illness and should so not be feared. Experts point out that an educational action should be carried out among Ukrainian families to encourage vaccination against infectious diseases.

These narratives are not the only ones circulating in the Polish network. Among those that are intended to induce resentment towards refugees from Ukraine are:

alleged information about the expulsion of Polish children from hospitals in favour of Ukrainians,
inability to settle matters at the office due to the burden on refugees,
claims that Ukrainian children have precedence in admission to schools.

All these narratives have 1 feature in common – they are based on anecdotal premises and do not have much in common with reality. They are calculated on the sowing of resentment and strengthening social antagonisms. While highly conspiracy theories have a comparatively tiny group of audiences, those little elaborate, disturbing in society fall on much more susceptible ground.

Fear of war and stress associated with the situation make it much harder for many to defy manipulative content. Unfortunately, they give emergence to concrete responses that translate into real situations, resulting in crucial social tensions.

Social media and anti-vaccination movement leaders

Russia's invasion of Ukraine is accompanied by a noticeable decline in interest in anti-vaccine movements with content related to the COVID-19 pandemic for anti-Ukrainian narratives. Many celebrities of the movement fighting against "sanitary segregation", aware of current trends, regrouped their forces to sale anti-refugee content, targeted mainly, but not exclusively, in Ukrainians.

With the improvement of the situation in Ukraine, the number of specified people grew and even those who initially had doubts about which side of the conflict they were rapidly directed towards the current pro-Kremlovian narratives.

1. Grzegorz Płaczek

An example is the known anti-vaccination vloger – Grzegorz Płaczek. The warnings in the first year of the pandemic prompted the wedding photographer to start the activities of a "civil journalist". His recordings on COVID-19 vaccination and pandemics and alleged sanitary segregation gather viewers in tens of thousands each time.

The wedding photographer at the end of last year founded the fresh Spectrum Foundation, collecting up to tens of thousands of zlotys per period for “the fight against sanitary segregation” ( , ). In his first instinct, in connection with Polish refugees from Ukraine, he announced on Twitter that from the funds collected in the foundation's account, he would supply the products of the first request and take them to the border. This entry was met with a large criticism of the environment gathered around the vloger. In comments, netizens convinced him to first check whether the situation on the border actually looked like it “presented in the media”, and he allocated money to aid Poles "in danger of sanitism".

The anti-vaccination entry of the activist disappeared the same day, And any time later, he appeared on BanBye. recording "Eastern border besides exceeds those who should not". There he presented his observations from a visit to Przemyśl, to which he went along with another anti-vaccination activists – Marcin Rola and Piotr Szlachtowicz and a translator of Russian (which caused the Ukrainians to distrust, with whom he tried to communicate in Russian). His fresh communicative was part of the cremation propaganda directed against Ukrainians arriving in our country and people with darker skin color.

2. Catherine Tarnawa-Stock

In the course of the COVID-19 pandemic, many associations were formed, bringing together various professional groups opposed to vaccinations and exacerbations. 1 of them is the Association of Lawyers Voice of Liberty, whose co-founder is legal advisor from Bielsko-Biala, Katarzyna Tarnawa-Gwóźdź (now no longer cooperating with the association). He owes his popularity mainly to guest performances in recordings by Grzegorz Płaczek and close cooperation with Jupiter Koszynn-Sumara with Rebel24.

Its key activity in the anti-vaccination environment focuses on the improvement of models of writings for people fighting ‘health segregation’ and ‘imposed to vaccination’. She has developed, among others, objections to undergoing a PCR test and objections to receiving vaccination against COVID-19 based on incorrect assumptions that these are medical experimentsResearch. On the same assumptions she besides based her Legal expertise published on the Ordo Medicus website. Last year, a lawyer was tried before the Disciplinary Board in Katowice for a public message addressed to doctors performing vaccination against COVID-19, in which she threatened them with prison. On 11 August 2022 Ms Tarnawa-Star on her profile published information that she was acquitted. We addressed the question to the Disciplinary Court asking for information about the judgement and its validity.

In the first days of the war in Ukraine, the lawyer published on her profile the so-called. fake news, i.e. disinformation content about war, allegedly made available by the media, appearing immediately in conjunction with "factchecking". In fact, frequently These content have never been published by mainstream media, and are made available for the first time together with “factcheching” which is expected to uncover the inability of alleged Western media. specified recordings to give the audience the impression that mainstream media are lying, presenting a false image of events in Ukraine. In utmost cases, these recordings are expected to prove that there is no war there, and the media sound around the subject is caused by the desire to divert attention from the “globalist conspiracy from WHO”.

On the legal advisor profile we will find content that 70% of people crossing the Polish-Ukrainian border are black people, talking about excessive Ukrainian privileges in Poland and keeping Poles from consequences to aid refugees. At the same time, it besides made available Putin's speech Content justifying the Kremlin’s actions Ukraine. In addition, many conspiracy theories, specified as those concerning American biological laboratories Ukraine or the task heavenly Jerusalem. The origin of her information is frequently a channel on the Telegram of conspiracies (Information Channel 🐸KJU).

3. Paweł Nogal, Jowita Koszyn-Sumara and Confederate MPs

The founders of the Association of Lawyers Voice of Liberty are besides Paweł Nogal. In March, on his Twitter profile, he released manipulated recordingAccording to which Polsat News was to inform that the crimes in Mariupolu were committed by Ukrainians from the Azov Regiment.

The aforementioned editor of Rebel24, Jowita Koszyn-Sumara, is 1 of the many members of the anti-vaccination movement who went straight to border areas to paper events at the reception point in Korczowa. This, among another things, was thanks to her actions on the web. recording with a lifeguard saying that 80% of people crossing the border are men with non-European appearance and aggressive behaviour. This movie was 1 of the factors that led to physical attacks on Indian citizens in Przemysl.

Disinformation on dark-skinned refugees was besides driven by MPs Confederations. Mr Winnicki argued that we are not dealing with students from Kiev, but with people who have chosen a fresh economical migration route:

“These people must be peculiarly guarded due to the fact that we gotta do with acts of aggression. The net is filled with films showing how princes of the Orient treat Ukrainian women and children. We are to direct aid to real refugees, not to young men whose culture orders to be brutal towards women and children."

He besides picked up the communicative on "economic migrants" Krzysztof Bosak. Rumours about alleged assaults on women by "immigrants from outside Europe" were spread, among others, by MP Konrad Berkovich. At the same time alarmed besides that WHO wants to take control of the planet (referring to the disinformation portal Lega Artis).

In the WHO case, its clear opposition Grzegorz Braun besides gave a speech calling the people liable for negotiating the treaty the wicked and traitors of the Polish state. In the first days of Russia's aggression against Ukraine, he pushed the communicative about flags And Volyn.

He then spread rumors that on the border it was vain to look for women and children due to the fact that they were almost exclusively there Black male. Before He appealedto not accept refugees from Ukraine and alternatively to organise a railway shuttle traffic transporting refugees straight to Germany.

In advancement conference The press on the situation on the Polish-Ukrainian border argued that the services are not dealing with the situation and that people crossing the border are a threat to the safety of the state and are to lead to its “decomposition”. Braun was 1 of the Members who commended "Citizen's patents" formed in Przemysl. At the same time, the Confederate tried to push facilitate citizens' access to firearms.

4. Peter Rubas

Piotr Rubas, who visited Germany last year warned against blood clots after vaccination against COVID-19, frequently appears hospitablely on the Grzegorz Hercun channel on YouTube (Freedom Guards.TV). W recording titled (original spelling): “What truly happens on Ukraine.ina?”, published in March, blamed the Ukrainian authorities for the war.

He besides claimed that the Russians do not attack civilian buildings, and accidental civilian casualties arise from the fact that the Ukrainian military deliberately places military units close residential buildings. Grzegorz Hercuń, who spoke to him, accompanied Jupiter Koszyn-Sumara in the events at the reception point. On his channel We can see relations with Medicine, Przemysł, Korczowa and Brzezimierz.

5. Franc Zalewski

Kremlin propaganda besides spreads born in Ukraine Franc Zalewskiwhose household is in this country. It is mainly associated with moviewhere he claimed that there were extraterrestrial eggs in COVID-19 vaccines Substancesfor which graphene is present in them. In a video released on March 3, 2022, it justifies Russia's aggression into Ukraine, claiming that Putin was provoked by the actions of the United States and Ukraine's desire to join NATO, which left him no another choice. The Ukrainian appealed to Poles not to let them to engage in war with Russia and warned that the countries that would support Ukraine would be severely punished by Putin.

Summary

The results of our analysis are worrying, although they duplicate erstwhile media reports of changes in disinformation trends. The departure of full portals, leaders of anti-vaccine movements from erstwhile narratives towards harmful anti-Ukrainian content can carry far-reaching consequences.

First of all, these content will scope a very wide scope of people who, by not believing in reliable information on COVID-19, were skeptical of state institutions and technological reports. The recipients of this content believe the authors and disinformation portals, possibly being more susceptible to manipulation regarding war or refugees. Importantly, portals and authors do not request to look for fresh audiences, as they usage previously collected coverage on social media/internet. Since authors/portals are already known and valued in these audiences, they do not request to re-build their credibility.

The hazard of disinformation reaching an even wider scope of people is besides expanding due to the increase in activity in spreading disinformation content about the war in Ukraine. Although this would require in-depth analysis, we can already see that there are many more of them on a regular basis than on a pandemic before the war. Disinformation on pandemic and vaccination has been constantly promoted for the last 2 years, these contents were repetitive and their recipients were mostly a closed group. The current turn in the communicative will make it easier to scope fresh users seeking information about war or refugees.

It should be made clear that the phrase in the disinformation content promoted cannot straight lead to the conclusion that these persons or portals are financed by Russia. Disinformation is traditionally based on strong emotional themes. most likely any authors/portals followed this trend due to possible financial gain or the anticipation of becoming more popular.

We besides wrote about the phenomenon of supporting and promoting the conspiracy environment in Poland by Russia in our reports:

We reveal: the scale of Russian misinformation about COVID-19 in Poland
The propaganda of Russia in Poland. Do we have anything to fear?
The problem of supporting the Cremlow narratives through the far right in our country has been presented in a report: The utmost Right: From pandemic to war

Sources

EUvsDisinfo: https://euvsdisinfo.eu/everyone-against-russia-conspiracy-theories-on-the-rise-in-Russian-media/ and https://euvsdisinfo.eu/disinformation-cases/?text=coronavirus&date=&disinfo_language%25255B%25255D=spa

IBIMS: https://ibims.pl/communication-w-spread-disinformation-w-situation-on-Ukraine-in-Polish-internetspace/

Demagog: https://demagog.org.pl/fake_news/in-ukrainie-sa-American-laboratories-biological-fake-news/ and https://demagog.org.pl/fake_news/niebianska-jerosolima-w-ukrainie-to-theory-conspiracy/

Concret24: https://kret24.tvn24.en/world,109/pod-olona-war-rises-global-tact-pandemic-by-dac-who-wage-over-world-to-false-theory,1098232.html

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