Last large Cossack rebellion. The Tragic Consequences of Pale’s Rise

Out of the rebels and Cossack uprisings, the best remembered in our past is the rabble he led Bohdan Chmielnicki in the mid-17th century. Among the Polish nobles he caused a trauma so large that his memory was inactive alive 50 years later, erstwhile the next uprising took place. This time, however, action was taken to halt Cossacks from akin occurrences in the future.

The emergence of Pale It lasted 2 years – from 1702 to 1704. However, its causes should be sought 3 years earlier. Early 1699 Christmas League, which included the Republic of Poland, signed with Ottoman Empire peace in present-day Karlowice.

The agreement ended 16 years of fighting on the front, stretched to nearly 4 1000 kilometres. Consequently, allied parties: Church State, Venetian Republic, Holy Roman Empire (Austria), The Russian Empire and the Republic of Poland have not so far needed sustained forces at the borders with Turkey.

W Republic of This meant the liquidation of the registered Cossack army, which caused outrage on modern lands Ukraine.

Cossacks v. Republic of

The registry was a first-name list of Cossack soldiers who were granted additional privileges, but most of all they received salaries from the Republic of Poland. After The Hague Union In 1658 the number of registered Cossacks was fixed at 30 thousand. After the peace in Karłowice, the Cossack army was no longer needed, so the registry was liquidated and many Cossacks lost their basic livelihood.

However, the Cossacks continued to organize themselves. In 1702 their troops raided Polish regiments, camped around Berdyčova – present in the Żytomier region of Ukraine. So began the rebellion under leadership Semena Paleja.

He was 1 of the Cossack Colonels.. In his politics he circulated between Russia and the Republic, seeking the top benefits and power for himself. During the rebellion he repeated the maneuver from 50 years ago and managed to persuade him to emergence Ukrainian peasants.

The emergence of Semen Paley

Rebellion rapidly took on large size and embraced the then voivodships: Kiev, Bracławskie oracz part of Wołynia and Podola. The main office of the uprising and Paleja itself were in White church, located present in Kiev territory of Ukraine.

"Things have immediately taken on a figure well known from the days of Chmielnicki and even earlier," says Paweł Jasienica in "The Acts of Agony," a book in which he described the last century of the Republic of Both Nations.

The historian cites accounts from an era where the Cossacks were peculiarly cruel to the nobility. Robbery of manors and churches. The masters were cut off by limbs, while the dignity of the ladies was insulted in the most brutal way.

Polish consequence and Russian Intrigue

In the Republic of Rebellion should be suppressed immediately And in a way that will discourage the Cossacks from fighting in the future. Polish forces were commanded by the Grand Crown captain Adam Mikołaj Sieniawski. Crown troops won the battles of Berdychevov, Niemirov and Verbich.

The forces led by the magnates were liable for the repression of the rebellion. Potocki and Lubomirski. "Oldly they put leaders on stakes, fucked the crew and the population of the acquired bulkheads," Jasienica points out.

However, this proceeding afraid only Cossack soldiers. In the case of noble peasants, she chose a different tactic. She could not kill the agrarian population due to the fact that the peasants were needed to work in the field after the rebellion was suppressed.

“But they were not cut down, not wanting to destruct the villages, gentlemen, but were told to mark them: they were left to each ear; they were marked with seventy thousand.” – Jasienica writes, quoting the past of the era.

Sam Pali took refuge in the last of the fortresses of rebels - The White Church. However, the Crown troops stopped, did not strangle the rebellion to the end. This happened after the intervention of the Russian Tsar Peter I, allied then with the king August II. At least in explanation Russia was then an ally of Poland. In practice Moscow's actions led to a weakening of the Republic of Poland At its east ends.

End of Polish ambition in Kiev

Palei was detained by Russians and sent to Tobolsk. Another leader of the uprising – Colonel Samuel SamusHe escaped punishment. He committed himself to obedience to Russia’s Zaporosian hetman Ivana Mazepa. Moscow's influence on the lines grew.

Yes, Russia She was helping the Crown Army then. She sent money and meals, but only to the degree that allowed Poles to gain an advantage over Cossacks. Instead, he did not let rebellion to end.

A painful hit struck her and terrorized the Republic of Poland, but all the more connected to Moscow. 1 could not even dream of calming the start-up and regaining the White Church without Russian help

The Russians acted in specified a way that the rebellion would not end quickly, oppressed and hampered the functioning of the Republic of Poland, digested its economy and depended on Tsar's policy. The white church was not reflected until 1708.and the uprising in any places continued until 1714.

But most importantly, close Kiev 40 years earlier moved from Polish to Russian. However, he was inactive in orbit of Polish ambitions, the tsar suggested the return of the city to Poles. However, the weakening of the Republic during the Paleja revolt made the Polish plans to regain Kiev forever stay solely in the sphere of unrealistic dreams.