Nowak-Key: Western superiority complex

The West is both geographical and geopolitical. The second is understood as Western European countries, North America plus Australia and fresh Zealand.

From any time to the West, east European countries and Japan have been trying to include. However, there is simply a sense that we are at most the east periphery of Atlanticism, which is another word utilized and synonymous in the relation of the West. In another words, if we were part of the West, we wouldn't gotta find out.

Slavery Business

The Western countries of Western Europe are a cultural genesis. strict sense, as a consequence of which the geographical concept has acquired political connotation. What origin caused the West of Europe to start to perceive differently from the remainder of Europe? I bet it was sooner than anywhere else. After the fall of the Roman Empire a fresh European order had to be built, and the most crucial component of this order was the fresh Christian faith.

Christianity in central and east Europe appeared in the 9th and 10th centuries, and in the West it gained dominance in the 4th century. These 500 years of difference are the full era in which the central and east European territories under the pretext of Christianity were invaded and destroyed. And the people kidnapped for the slave trade. The right to trade slaves was in 840 by so-called. Pactum Lothari[and] limited, i.e. Christians could not be turned into slavery; this regulation was not applied to non-Christians, and the Slavs at the time were inactive Gentiles, as they utilized to call them. Thus, they could be subject to slave trade.

I think 1 day linguists will find the answer to the question of why in so many languages of Western Europe the Slav is either a origin or a homonym of slave words. For example, in English Slavein French esclavein German sflavoin Dutch slaaf, Spanish esclavo And I think this linguistic association of slave position with cultural group does not end with those mentioned. They simply consequence from the fact that the Slavs were slaves to Western Europe. I will add that the full strategy of trade in Slavic slaves was well organized. Directed by National Jews[ii] and capable of responding to the circumstantial needs of customers, e.g. in Venice was the center of castration, as eunuchs were at a peculiar price. Why Jews? – 1 can ask. The request at the time was represented by the above developed muslim countries, and the supply of, among another things, the delayed Europe. Jews who knew both worlds could naturally function as intermediaries.

What is simply a superiority complex?

Although the thought of a complex of superiority was born in the field of psychology and concerns the personality aspects of an individual human being, it is inspiring to apply the ideas contained therein in political teachings, especially for knowing the relations between social groups, states and even civilizations.

The superiority complex stems from the belief of its own uniqueness (the celebrated American extranationalism) the convictions of being better, more capable, for higher purposes and consequently naturally waiting for others to recognise this unique value. In the case of behaviour which does not accept this expectation, there are threats and sanctions. This complex not only concerns the belief of its own perfection, but besides extends to the belief that values are better, that the way in which social life is organised is better and to be followed, and that even independent actions should not take place. People, groups burdened with this complex grant themselves the right to exhort, order, forbid, point, etc., awaiting submission.

Infantilism of complexes

Interestingly, the complex of superiority in the explanation of the concept creator Alfred Adler is the consequence of the inferiority complex being experienced. In another words, it is the realization of our own shortcomings, weaknesses and weaknesses that lead to the search for compensation for this ailing feeling, and that allows us to attain perfection frequently as illusory as erstwhile imperfection. What needs to be stressed, both complexes are forms of infantilism for uncovering a place in the world.

The indicated mechanic of compensation for pseudo-weakness by pseudo-force finds its large illustration in building up its function in the planet by Western Europe. In the days before the alleged large geographical discoveries, Europe was the western end of Asia. During the end of the mediate Ages, Europe did not have much to offer, operating on the economical and cultural periphery of the planet at the time and benefiting from the achievements of Chinese, Indian and arabian civilizations. As a result, being the 3rd planet then, she was besides ignored. For its development, Europe has made specified fundamental loans as alphabet, numerical decimal system, algebra, gunpowder, compass or printing font.

Aztec Modernity

Tenochtitlan – the capital of the Aztec state destroyed by Spanish conquistadors in 1521 illustrates the advancement achieved by others in the area of collective life organization. At the time of the demolition of Tenochtitlan, it was 1 of the largest metropolises of the world, with about 200,000 inhabitants.[iii]. Accurate numbers due to full demolition of sources are very hard to determine. By comparison, Paris besides had about 200,000 inhabitants at that time. Tenochtitlan was built on the island of Lake Texoco and its surface, a method akin to Dutch Polderization, was gradually increased. To the city the aqueducts were supplied with current water. Almost all home had access to it. The cities had extended social infrastructure, for example schools were accessible to all. The supply was handled by a very well organized market, there was a municipal guard, a flourishing spiritual life (based on a very complicated calendar), cultural and even sporting[iv].

I would add that any 100 years before the era of European geographical discoveries, the Chinese conducted their own exploration of the world. Between 1403 and 1430 Chinese admirals Zheng He (1371 – 1433) led many expeditions in which he sailed to the Red Sea and East Africa, which should be said to have been primarily cognitive and representative. Zheng He's expeditions were immense projects of respective twelve (I met with the opinion that respective hundred) ships and a immense number of people, said about about 30 0000 crews[v]. Despite specified power, these were not expeditions to conquer and have the known world.

Surely these were not the explorations of the mediocre seeking random enrichment. Realistic expeditions Christopher Columbus and Ferdinand Magellana, with all due respect to the courage of the explorers, consisted of: the first of 3 ships, the second of five. Incidentally, the cognition that the Chinese had at the time is surprising. They were able to build the largest wooden ships the planet knew. Their alleged Treasure flute measured about 70 m long and 15 m wide[vi]. For comparison, built over 300 years later HMS triumph Horatio Nelson had akin sizes[vii]But that was 300 years later. As I said, these were actual exploration trips; Zheng He took cartographers, linguists, traders, diplomats to realize others and on this basis cooperate. It was unfortunate for China that their improvement was so far ahead of others that they felt it was pointless to meet those so late in development. The European doctrine was different: they wanted to get out of poorness and the acquired geographical cognition allowed them to realize this dream.

Colonization as a constitutional origin of the western superiority complex

Because Europe was weak economically and civilisationally, and to accomplish a comparable position with another powers of the road – as he would say David Ricardo – searching for comparable benefits lacked patience, is the only way to change this status quo There was inactive robbery and conquest. They illustrate this thesis of the Crusades, the demolition of Byzantium, the exile of Arabs and Jews from the Iberian Peninsula and yet colonization as a consequence of “great geographical discoveries”.

Without a doubt, colonisation and creation in the "discovered" areas of their own countries are a origin of large geographical discoveries. A fewer comments on the concept of "great geographical discoveries". The word ‘discovery’ is only justified by discoverers thus nominating their own ignorance. The "discovered" have suffered disastrous consequences of this expansion of European cognition of the world. Mordy, sickness, a culture of survivors, land robbery and natural resources, enslavement, poorness – this is what in short brought contact with the Europeans. The 16th, 17th, 18th and 19th centuries are periods in which Western Europe will dominate the planet thanks to its robbery and consequently build the belief that it is natural that it will become a signpost of humanity not only in the fields of economic, but cultural, social and political development. What makes this process so intrusive for Western Europe is the fact that the exploitation of others does not oblige it to anything, all costs are borne by the people exploited. The age of the period of European dominance over practically the full planet is the 19th century. Western Europe dominates not only the planet but besides central and east Europe. Turkey, Japan, nominally independent China, Persia, possibly 2 African states, and Russia, which is the only European country not belonging to the cultural sphere of the West.

Colonial Crusades

It is interesting to find answers to the question of how the West grew into specified a promotion. An crucial origin is surely the military advantage allowing a fistful of conquistadors to break apart the wonderful civilizations of Aztecs and Inca. An intangible origin is the sense of mission, a mission giving colonial conquest a crusade. The conquests of Catholicism and Protestantism have enabled them to gain fresh believers. And this mission of expanding “only true” religion allows to remove the criminal aspect of building a fresh order. The end justifies the means – not the first time and not the last. Finally, the origin that begins to play a leading function as colonization progresses is the sense of superiority. erstwhile it turns out that we can do what we want, and others have no way of stopping us, it means that we are simply better and as specified we have the right to do what we do, due to the fact that thanks to our superiority the benefit is universal and even those who are suffering now will see benefits in the future, and if not them, then their children, and so for the benefit of the general public, let us do what we do, due to the fact that it requires advancement that we are carriers. And the 19th century is an age of religion in advancement that all the problems of humanity will be solved through the improvement of discipline and that next day can only be better. And all thanks to the good (because by us) usage of the resources of the earth. specified reasoning justified not only his own sense of superiority, but besides gave – and this is notable – the moral right to usage force in relation to not sharing this otherwise self-centered opinion.

I think that a good example to illustrate this thought is the astonishing opium wars in China from 1839 to 1842 and 1856 to 1860, in which, first and foremost, England in the first and with the aid of France, in the second, in the name of the right to free trade, sought to impose the uncontrolled sale of drugs to the Chinese population[viii]. Since the Chinese Empire, guided by apparent reasons for protecting the wellness of its people, prohibited this trade, they decided to impose it on the military. And they imposed, after the Second War, the opium trade was legalized in China, which meant nothing little than that the European powers decided to communicate that if it was profitable for us to consume opium, you should do so. I would add that opium wars are a origin that has dramatically accelerated the fall of China, a fall from which the communists were to lift them. Angus Maddison, which was active in investigation on the economical improvement of the world, says that in 1820 the share of the Chinese economy in the gross planet product was about 30%; in 1913, and thus after 80 years of imposed social disorganization, Chinese participation in the planet economy fell to 9%[ix].

Breakdown of spoils

The construction of colonial empires by Western states led to inevitable conflicts between them. Sometimes 2 colonial states resented having the same territory, sometimes more of them wanted to exploit the region, sometimes yet the conquerors entered into conflicts between themselves due to the fact that they fought for exclusive trade in the area, etc. There were plenty of reasons for the conflict to avoid specified ambarasing situations, which reduced prestige and caused losses, and ways of amicable conflict resolution were sought. These amicable solutions were to agree among themselves, i.e. without any question of the opinion of the native people, who, where and to what degree prevailed.

I will mention here 2 specified agreements, which show a good sense of Western superiority. The first is the Treaty of Tordesillas of 1494 in which Spain and Portugal approve the Pope Alexandra VI, divided the recently discovered non-European lands among themselves. In simplification, everything west of the Atlantic Ocean of Cape Verde was to fall to Spain and everything east of the mentioned Portugal. It was an chance for the Pope to appear as the spiritual leader of the world, the real politician of God on earth.[x]. The second is simply a 1884 conference in Berlin, during which Western states agreed on the principles of Africa colonization[xi].

In the second half of the 19th century, the alleged race for Africa increasingly antagonizes colonizers, so in order to halt the process leading towards war, it was decided to agree on who and where prevails. The conference, which was sponsored by Bismarck, was attended by 14, those "better" European countries, of course. The division of Africa, of course, did not affect those whose territories were divided, and without paying attention to cultural, ethnic, linguistic, religious, etc. specified a division caused territories that later decolonized to do so on the basis of the fight against the colonizer who ruled culturally diverse territory. As a result, the process of fighting for independency created countries whose population frequently not only could not live together but simply hated each other. An example may be the Burundi and Rwanda states in which the colonization process, followed by the decolonization of 2 fighting cultural groups Tutsi and Hutu, and whose coexistence in any state organisms led in the 1990s to common genocide, whose origins should be sought in the "peacefully" oriented Berlin conference[xii].

The West’s same - assurance besides takes its breath distant from the provision of the King of Belgium Leopold II Congo territory. King Leopold liked to talk like Kipling about a European civilization mission[xiii]. However, if Rudyard Kipling The delirium, as it can now be described, about the properties of colonization were, as 1 might suppose, honest—so to himself licentia poetica The haunted creator, in Leopold's case, rhetoric about the white race's civilization mission was a veil to the giant concentration camp he created in the Congo. He called them Congo Free State[xiv]. It's good to have an ugly thing called beautiful. And a cruel government forced the unfortunate to live in “his” people's lands to work for his own cause. In order not to go into details, I will say that for not complying with the standards of rubber production, due to the fact that good Leopold was rich on his sale, he threatened to take his hand, or for example, the execution of a kid held hostage. And the threat of worship was not, indeed the hands were cut off to force the others to work efficiently. In general, freedom is the concept of the liberal Western fetish. However, it should be clarified that freedom gives us, the White, the right to do what is to be done and others... well, to put it mildly, as Longin Podbiepcieta said, “to perceive to the Hadko.” The Germans placed a sign ‘Arbeit macht frei’ above the entrance to the Auschwitz extermination camp. Indeed, the Congolese work provided freedom to usage limbs, including the hope of surviving another day in Auschwitz.

Racism and His Philosophy

The superiority complex is an emotional state and thus its rationality can be questioned. Moreover, the fresh planet order is not built on emotions. True, they are adequate to release the essential energy to conquer; but then comes a period of stableness that will let the long-term benefit of the situation. And at this point, there is simply a request to give basis to what happened. In another words, the sense of superiority had to be presented as an nonsubjective historical force shaping reality. The request for intellectual processing of the Western superiority complex has spawned racism, the doctrinal foundation of which was given by the French Arthur de Gobineau and Germanized English Houston Chamberlain.

Arthur de Gobineau (1816 – 1882), French diplomat and writer, in an essay Sketches on human race inequality presented his imagination of a society whose ability to solve problems and build an advanced civilization is racially dependent. The more racial society is, the more wonderful civilization it builds. And vice versa, the more racially it pollutes, the greater the inability to make and the faster its collapse[xv]. The basis for his race discrimination is skin color. On the basis of his assumption, he distinguished 3 main races: white, yellow and black, to which he attributed certain properties. He supported the historical examples selected under the thesis. And that is how racism has been created, attributing the top abilities of the white race, in another words, to Europeans. due to the fact that the recipient of these, well – I must call it that, Gobineau's thoughts were a European reader, specified thesis formulated at the time of the apogee of colonization could not be easy rejected. The reality seemed to confirm it and to any degree made it obvious. 1 can naturally wonder what is the relation of skin colour to intellectual abilities, emotions, organizational talent, etc., etc. However, specified a thesis arose and in 19th-century Europe was accepted, expressing itself, among another things, in poetry, where the otherwise outstanding poet Rudyard Kipling in the poem quoted above The White Man’s Burden in 1899 it motivates the United States to conquer and colonize the Philippines. By the end of the 19th century, the colonial empire of Spain, possibly as a consequence of the crossing of races, dissolved. The Americans wanted to enter their place, so they encouraged Filipinos to drop the Spanish yoke by preparing themselves for the function of future colonists. On the another hand, they wanted to deal with the Spanish, let's call it gentlemen's – buying from them Philippines, and Filipinos[xvi]. This double game did not escape the attention of Filipinos who wanted real independence, not the replacement of a colonizer. Besides, being sold is in itself hard to accept. As a result, a conflict broke out between the longing sovereignty of the Filipinos and the US, which lasted from 1899 to 1902 with varying intensity. Human losses on the part of Filipinos are estimated at between 300,000 and million people, mostly civilians; American losses due to the crushing advantage of arms were symbolic. This conflict is the first genocide of the 20th century[xvii]. Returning to Kipling's poem, it is this – as I said – outstanding poet who justifies the imperial objections of the US, calling for the conquest and colonization of the Philippines, as it is the work of the white race to regulation and direct, due to the fact that the whites are predestined for it, and thus colonization will be beneficial for the Filipinos, only they do not yet know it, and, if necessary, it is for their good to usage violence. The fact that he was quoted in 1899 at a gathering of the U.S. legislature shows the rank of a town poem.

However, it should not be thought that the racist concepts of Gobineau are exhausting to separate people's abilities based on the colour of their skin. He lived in times just after the French Revolution, he had in vivid memory how the “molder” declassed the dominant aristocracy, wondered how Napoleon Bonaparte, a man out of nowhere, became emperor and subjected himself to almost the full of Europe, and since it was a conflict within the white race, more subtle, not only colorful explanations were needed. According to Gobineau, whites are not equal. Within them you are more perfect, and less. He called those more perfect Aryans, those little are Slavs, Celts, Galls, Hispanics. To Gobineau, the Aryans were Germanies. He felt that they constituted a whiter shade of whiteness and that they were created to rule. He besides included the Vikings among the German people and believed that these cultural groups were the most state-generated in the past of Europe, that from them aristocracy developed, a class of feudalism that owes its fall to promiscuism. Sexual promiscuity resulted in race weakness, and revolutions. 1 explanation for Gobineau’s views on uncontrolled sexuality was the trauma associated with his mother’s promiscuity. Born in the French Caribbean, Gobineau was not certain if his father was any dark-skinned (it must have been unbearable for a racist). As a result, he was ashamed of his parent and as an adult, he broke off his relation with her. The fact that the Germans saw at most in the hierarchy of races caused that in Germany their views gained peculiar recognition.

Gobineau's views were developed by an Englishman surviving in Germany Houston Chamberlain (1855 – 1927). Born almost half a century later than Gobineau, Chamberlain remained in the paradigm of his master, believing in the superiority of the white race and the necessity to defend it from contamination and, like Gobineau, was convinced that the Germans were the whitest and that the Slavs, though whites, were far from superhuman Germans. However, unlike Gobineau, he was optimistic about the future of his chosen ones, believing that the white race led by the Germans would regulation the planet for the general good. His merit is to make Gobineau's explanation by introducing into it the thought of a racial enemy, which is simply a Jew. From Chamberlain anti-Semitism becomes a prominent part of the racist movement. He concluded his views in a 2 - volume work The foundations of the Nineteenth centre – (no. Die Grundlagen des neunzehnten Jahrhunderts). The work is simply a historical analysis of European culture and justifies the thesis that this culture was built by Aryan Western European peoples under the powerful influence of Teutons[xviii]. It must be said that Chamberlain was firmly embedded in German influential circles. Close Friend Richard Wagner, he married his daughter and wrote many essays devoted to his work, which, incidentally, was besides an anti-Semite. Chamberlain was in friendly relations with the Emperor Wilhelm II, which he maintained in his opinion that the authoritarian strategy of government is the best form of governance and that Germany should be more active in the colonization process and implement an effective militarisation policy. The Emperor appreciated and admired Grundlagen... Chamberlain knew himself with the Admiral Alfred von Tirpitz, commander of the German Navy, whom he encouraged to grow the same, saying that the fleet is the key to defeating the demolished British Empire. The concept of building a fleet of submarines, the U-boats, as an asymmetric consequence to the power of the English submarine fleet mostly developed under Chamberlain's influence. yet Chamberlain met with Adolf Hitler and had a large influence on Alfred Rosenberg, the future Minister of the 3rd Reich and the chief ideologist of Nazism. Incidentally, the fact that Chamberlain was a foreigner has objectiveized his convictions, making them even more valuable to the Germans. I compose this to show that the philosophers of racism are not any margin or counterculture of Western life. Gobineau, returning to him, was besides a diplomat working for himself Alexis de Tocqueville. They were his nucleus itself and their influence on the elite was enormous. The elite, for their part, absorbed these opinions like a sponge. Real ellipse of common adoration.

Eugenics and its Effects

Chamberlain and Gobineau are philosophers of racism, but the thought was besides attempted to give technological justification. The complex of superiority, so convincingly explained on the grounds of social science, had to be proven by the methodology of science. And this is where peculiar merit comes in. Francis Galton. (1882 – 1911), an English scholar, a statistician, an ethnographer, mostly speaking a prominent erudite, incidentally a close comparative Charles Darwin. Galton, impressed by Darwinian explanation of evolution, had the thought that the alleged natural selection, which is the main mechanics of evolution, could be transformed into artificial selection. The thought was not a complete novelty, as breeders have been improving the quality of breeding animals for millennia and in ancient Athens Plato He besides followed specified ideas. However, Galton is given the primacy in creating eugenics, or technological method of improving the human race. The primary issue in this fresh discipline was how and who to improve. Galton was a kid of his age who, as we know, believed that technological advancement would solve all the problems of the world. He wrote his thesis in the book Hereditary GeniusIn which he studied the household situation of well-known and influential Englishmen over the centuries and stated that most of these personalities are relatives to any extent[xx]. This discovery became a basis for him to find that excellence is right for a certain kind of individual and can be strengthened by the way of selected marriages. Apart from racial, thesis was besides of class significance. Well, this concept justified the thought that the position of the holders and rulers naturally resulted from their unique qualities, and anyone seeking a fairer distribution of wealth could face the charge that what he wanted to change was a natural order whose change would bring chaos. Galton imagined that eugenics would produce, grow (I don't know what word to use) geniuses for the benefit of all mankind. We have an answer to the question of how to improve and now who to improve. And here the answer was given on strictly racist ground – of course white, and among white ones – the best ones, or about Nordic races. From the point of view of improving the best eugenics, it proved to be a burning hope, or even a dangerous hope, as marriages of close relatives were provoking people with disease. Charles Darwin himself married his aunt, in whom 3 children died before the age of 10. It was definitely successful in terms of making life worse. As you know, the stick has 2 ends. On the 1 hand, eugenics was positive; that is, we improve good ones, but the problem is besides what to do with those on the another side who are not only not geniuses, but even alleged decent people are not. Can crime, intellectual illness, hereditary diseases, etc. be solved on the ground. Thus a policy of eugenicism was generated, which had very circumstantial effects and whose aim was to aid nature to destruct it, let us call it, malpractice[xxx]. For example, in the 1920s and 1930s, the U.S. introduced immigration quotas for visitors of “lower” origin, of course Slavs, but besides Italians, Spaniards, Arabs, etc. It was assumed that non-Aryan people had more possible to become criminals. It was considered that children from Indian families should be able to make conditions and were so taken distant from their families in order to give them to the white families. On the ground, it was accepted that people with intellectual disorders and criminals are individuals with genetic defects and consequently unfit for reproduction. As a result, many countries, including the USA, Sweden, Denmark[xxi] decided to sterilize the affected individuals.

Mass demolition Camps

Of course, these applicable aspects of eugenics light in comparison with German alleged Nuremberg laws, which, adopted in 1935, made Germany a formally racist state, beginning the way to legal persecution of Jews and another minorities with the culmination that later, during planet War II, were camps of mass extermination. It makes you think that the mass extermination camps (another kind are concentration camps, which were the place of forced labor), and so the camps to which people were sent for murder, were located only in Poland. These camps are Auschwitz, Sobibor, Bełżec, Treblinka and Majdanek. Hitler's racist plan predicted the execution of Jews first. Of the 12 million Jews that pre-war Europe had, 6 million were murdered. However, it was only the beginning. After the final solution (the concept meant killing all Jews) the turn to Slavs was to come, and due to the fact that Poland was the first country for Germans Lebensraumu (lifespace), it is so natural that logistics was the most reasonable to place them in Poland. In the alleged German-developed in 1940 – 1942. Generalplan Ost Poland was to become Lebensraum for Germany by killing about 20 million Poles, which constituted 80% of our population. According to the plan, there should be 3 to 4 million Poles in Polish territory. And they're only peasants who have access to only basic education. In order to counteract the possible demographic revival of our nation, there would be a ban on marriage, and diseases would make their endurance impossible – they would have a ban on medical assistance[xxii]. Unfortunately, I don't think the plans will stay a dead letter if their authors win.

What precisely is racism?

Hitlerism is undoubtedly the highest phase of racism and the transfer to the European ground of the experience the West has gained in the colonization processes. Hitler even compared the conquest of east Europe to the colonization of America and the Russians to the red-skinned. However, I do not think that racism is an nonsubjective force shaping reality in the image of technological change that has changed ownership and power relations over the centuries. Racism is simply a intellectual phenomenon developed on the basis of a complex of superiority, justified by historical, economical and sociological reasoning. Because, contrary to the claims of its propagators, racism is not an nonsubjective force, but only a intellectual state, an thought that continues until the superiority complex that generated it remains a superiority complex. As there is nonsubjective evidence that our race is not so "better" (e.g. the triumph of the Russians at Stalingrad in 1942, or the communist Vietnamese over the French at Dien Bien Phu in 1954), the host of racist convictions begins to uncertainty and consequently the superiority complex loses its destructive power. The level of aspiration begins to match the level of opportunity. The issue that puzzles me is erstwhile Western Europe's conviction of its uniqueness began to lose its power. erstwhile the superiority complex weakened adequate that the West began to look more realistically at others. I compose “more” due to the fact that I do not think that today, in the 21st century, it looks realistic, but about it later. Now I would like to address the issue of when, in fact, there has been considerable uncertainty that we are destined to be planet rulers. I think that's what planet War I was about. This war caused Western Europe to fall as the dominant planet power, generating another forces, specified as communism and national-library movements. It is interesting that misunderstandings (because they were not even conflicts) that shared the fighting parties during planet War I could have been resolved by negotiations. The question of whether Germany should become the leader of the world, or whether England should remain, was not worth this in any sense a fratricidal war. A war that did not bring triumph to either side, and caused tremendous human losses, a immense decline in prestige, previously unimaginable changes in power, moving the economy and mostly the functioning of society. The conflict was a consequence of the unheard self-esteem and arrogant view of the remainder of the world, because, whatever we do, we are "the best" and our function as planet rulers will stay intact. It was believed that conflict could only lead to a change of who dealt the cards, but in full players would stay the same. Meanwhile, for the remainder of the world, this colonized and exploited, the conflict meant that the bandits had fought among themselves and possibly would become so weakened that time for change would come. And indeed, Western Europe after the large defeat itself And the planet war she cooked, she was on a slippery slope. planet War II was a consequence of the inept exit from the first and importantly lowered the delusions of white dominance, a "better" race.

"End of history" means the future of Western superiority complex

The question is whether the West has actually cured itself from its superiority complex, or, despite all the failures experienced and – what to hide – its humiliation, it inactive respects him more or little secretly. And I feel that unfortunately the feeling that we are "better" remains. It is expressed in the right to measure and instruct others what to do and how to do in economical matters, as, of course, the capitalist strategy is the "best" strategy of economical governance. In assessing how democracy should function, due to the fact that we have the most experience in this matter. Punish another countries for not respecting alleged human rights, despite their own highly negative experiences in this field. Calling others to comply with global law involves granting themselves the right to violate it. See Iraq war or illegal U.S. troops in Syria. Finally, contrary to the announced rules on freedom of trade, sanctioning those countries whose activities are perceived by the West as detrimental to its interests. Under the rules adopted, only the sanctions agreed under the UN safety Council become global law. Examples could be multiplied and shown further spheres in which the West occurs as the 1 who knows “better” and expects others to follow its recommendations. In all, however, how can it be possible that the West with specified a wealth in the field of human rights abuse, specified as racism, colonization, genocide, slavery re-qualified, can have the impression – with success, to defend these rights. The answers, I think, are the effects of planet War I. 1 of its consequences was the emergence of the first communist state. Thus the problem arose in which direction humanity is to steer. To master the diffusion of communist ideas, a sanitary cordon was formed around Russia. nota bene After planet War II, it became an iron curtain. However, the ideological struggle, and not only, intensified and the West came out of this fight victoriously. 2 factors have decided on this result. Firstly, a negative assessment of Stalinism and, secondly, in the victorious, as the West believes, the end of the Cold War in 1989. Especially the dictatorship of Stalinism with its strategy Gulags and human rights violations gave the West a chance to build a convincing narrative. Criticizing what was happening behind the Iron Curtain, the West diverted attention from its own gratuitous achievements in this field. In total, it was about showing that communism is not what it is claimed to be, but, on the contrary, it cannot pretend to be a function of showing how societies should function. This function was given to the West. And it's hard to deny his effectiveness. A good example is the Conference of safety and Cooperation in Helsinki in 1975, after which it seemed that the West was the only human rights defender, and the Communist USSR failed on the full line. Both economically and socially, communism has proved to be a strategy leading nowhere.

Secondly, 1989, which states, as the West convinces, the date of his triumph in the Cold War. The European communist strategy fell apart, the geopolitical changes that this event implied were only beneficial to the West, which, on the background of mediocre post-communist east Europe, was thriving. American Statue of Liberty[xxiii] She got a fresh makeup. A minute of triumphalism and belief in End of HistoryAs he put it. Francis Fukuyama in a well known essay[xxiv]. The intention of Fukuyama was to item the advantages of liberal democracy and to say here the communicative ends in the sense of seeking the best model of social life. From now on we do not gotta look for it – it is liberal democracy. Looking 30 years into that event, we know that triumphism was premature. Liberal democracy, in an economical sense, as in the sense of defending human rights, has not met expectations.

And there's a conflict in Ukraine, a conflict in which Ukraine seems to be harassing Russia. But it's just a look. The war continues due to the fact that the West wants to defeat Russia and Ukraine is its tool. This war is another revelation of the historical West's quest to destruct Russia. Napoleon wanted it, Hitler wanted it, and the Anglo-Saxons want it. possibly not due to the fact that they don't like Russians, possibly due to the fact that they don't control Russia and she's for them, as Winston Churchill said, ‘a ridlle wrapped in a mystery inside an enigma’ (an enigma-covered mystery). Looking at the course of the present war, it is to be doubtful that it will have the effect expected by the West. Rather, it will be another match from which Russia will appear victorious. The problem, however, is the 1 quoted behind Fukuyama “End of History”I've titled the same chapter. The result of this war depends on whether the Western hegemonist position will stay or whether a fresh paradigm of global relations will be created. A possible defeat will have a curative charter and the West will begin to heal from its superiority complex as the Germans cured the Stalingrad disaster. Moving on, the planet will accept its diversity after 500 years of ‘better’ dominance, and it will become multilateral, whatever that means. Returning to Adler's concept, the superiority complex has its origins in a sense of low self-esteem. Thus, it can be imagined that the attribution of meaning that others do not admit will be a origin of expanding failure of influence and progressive marginalization. The West survived its period of greatness, which unfortunately was occupied by the tragedy of others and now it's time to grow up and realize that the reign is over. It is much better to accept yourself as 1 is, i.e. 1 of many, than to be forced to do so. And as a result, I'm going back to my inferiority complex.

Andrzej Nowak-Klucznik

[and] Wikipedia.org/Wiki/Slavery in medieval Europe. On the 1 hand, slavery in medieval Europe was a consequence of the ancient era, and on the another hand the construction of a fresh Christian order and the resulting conflicts allowed for developing their own invention. Initially, all who suffered defeat were turned into slavery, over time—and Pactum Lotharii is an example of this – they tried to enslave the limits to non-Christians.

[ii] Wikipedia.org/wiki/Radhanite – It is worth noting that Polish Jews were besides precursors of the Levantine trade. Their caravans moved on a silk way to China. They utilized innovative payment letters as payment methods not to transport cash.

[iii] The president Maya to Aztec: Ancient Mesoamarica Revealed. Course Guidebook, The Geet Courses 2015, p. 236 et seq.

[iv] Britannica.com/biography/Zheng-He – In total, between 1405 and 1433 Zheng-He made 7 trips, whose applicable importance in terms of multiplying China's wealth was limited. China has met and made itself known. They increased their influence and arranged maritime trade routes. This primarily prestigious dimension of costly exploration (Chinese politics was not subdued by imperialism) caused them to cease, and in time China's closure to the outside world. Sweet sleep ended the nightmare of opium wars.

[v] Wikipedia.org/Wiki/Chinese treasure ships

[vi] Wikipedia.org/Wiki/ HMS triumph – Notable: HMS triumph Nelsona is the oldest ship in service. In 2023, 245 years of activity passed.

[vii] Wikipedia.org/Wiki/ Opium Wars – Opium wars ended with alleged unjust treaties which for China began – as their historiography calls it – the age of humiliation.

[viii] Wikipedia.org/Wiki/List of region by past GDP.

[ix] Wikipedia.org/ Wiki/Treaty of Tordesillas – the Treaty mattered as long as the power of Spain and Portugal was adequate to defend it, nevertheless the unsuccessful invasion of the Spanish large Armada into England in 1578 decided to disdate it

[x] Wikipedia.org/Wiki/ Berlin Conference – 1 of the aftermaths of the conference, in addition to refining Africa's territorial division, was the alleged rule of effective business meaning that the territory should actually be administered and not be held only on the basis of the first explorer. However, this rule brought unforeseen consequences in the form of speeding up Africa's colonization, as if individual actors had previously been able to plan colonization actions, after the conference they had to act to avoid being prejudiced by a competitor. Paradoxically, too, alternatively of calming the European frenesia, many of the colonists complained about the fire, as oil was added to the unoccupied territories.

[xi] Wikipedia.org/Wiki/ Burundi – The Berlin Conference granted Germany the right to own Burundi and Rwanda. After planet War I, the Treaty of Versailles granted this right to Belgium to the League of Nations later recognise the territories of both countries as mandate territories (another good word for defining a mediocre reality; a trailer for neocolonialism) of that Belgium.

[xii]https://dspace.uni.lodz.pl, A. Lubon, The latest translations of Rudyard Kipling's lyric from the erstwhile translation reception in Poland. Kipling was a multidimensional creator, and, without saying anything about its versatility, for the purposes of this article I am curious in its dimension as the makers of British colonialism. In this respect, the track illustrates him The White Man’s Burden translated The burden of the White ManI will quote 1 verse in Beata Wilga's translation: “Take the burden of the White Man / And receive his old reward: / The condemnation of those whom you are superior to / hatred those you guard”. In order not to prolong, Kipling appears as an apologist of British imperialism, which lies at the base of a fresh wonderful world, not in Aldous Huxley's version of course. Although I'm not besides amazed Huxley had the real vision.

[xiii] Wikipedia.org/Wiki/Atrocitys in the Congo Free State – The Berlin Conference of 1884 generously awarded King Leopold II the territory of over 2.5 million square km, Grosso modo The territory of today's Democratic Republic of Congo to make a model place for the adaptation of natives to the requirements of modern times. Leopold made it a place of forced labour and punishment, where according to various estimates between 1885 and 1908, (the date of the transformation of the Congo into a Belgian colony) up to 13 million people died out.

[xiv]Dictionnaire des litterarure de langue francaise, Arthur Gobineau «Essai sur l’inegalite des races humaines», Larousse Bordas 1996, Volume D-J, p. 662.

[xv] Wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty of Paris 1898 – As a consequence of this treaty, Spain has ceded its US imperial powers. This included the Philippines, Puerto Rico and Cuba. To avoid war, she accepted compensation of about $20 million, which in terms of the current dollar value corresponds to any $700 billion. This treaty is crucial due to the fact that it marks the end of the colonial power of Spain and the beginning of the U.S. planet hegemony.

[xvi] A. Clem, The Philippines Genocide, "Historical Perspectives. Santa Clara University Undergraduate diary of History", Series II, vol 21, article 6, 2016. According to the author, there is no uncertainty that the Philippine-American War of 1899 – 1902 was, first, the first war of the 20th century, whose goal for the US was to colonize the strategically crucial Philippine archipelago, and second, it was besides the first genocide of that age ahead of the Armenian War, which took place in 1915. Of the population of about 7 million people in the Philippines, about 1 million took a three-year war.

[xvii] Wikipedia.org/Wiki/ Houston Stewart Chamberlain – For Chamberlain, planet War I was a tragedy. In Nazism he viewed the revival of the Aryan race, while Hitler was for him a chosen 1 to bring Germany back to greatness after the 1918 defeat.

[xviii] Britannica.com – The book was published in 1869. 4 years earlier Gregor Mendel had published his investigation on hereditaryness. In his book Francis Galton considers the relation between the influence of biological inheritance and the environment on the improvement of human intelligence. As he put it, Nature vs Current (which the concept created). His analysis, supported by statistical arguments, shows that Nature produces geniuses, whereas current plays a insignificant role. Thesis was and is controversial. For example, scientist Mihály Csikszentmihály in his investigation on prominent people stated that geniuses do not be without a thorough cognition of the field in which they are geniuses. This implies years of education, which is simply costly and thus hard to scope for those outside the privileged class.

[xx] Wikipedia.org/Wiki/Eugenika polish – I think it is good to emphasize that Poland did not stay on the side of the eugenic trend. In 1923, the Polish Eugenic Society was established, which aimed at expanding the physical, intellectual and moral strength of the Polish Nation. As part of negative eugenics, projects of sterilization of incomplete units were developed. Fortunately, words ended in Poland. No eugenic law has been established.

[xxx] dw.com/en/denmark apologizes for abuse – In Denmark, psychiatric patients were sterilized from 1929 to 1967 and by 1989 they had to apply for peculiar approval to marry. In the eugenism policy application, Denmark is no exception. I chose it due to the fact that it is regularly shown as the best country to live in.

[xxi] Wikipedia.org.Wiki/ Generalplan Ost – It must be admitted that in their plans Germany was not limited. Theirs. Lebensraum It would extend somewhere to the Ob River. There would be a region east of it. coprosperity. Incidentally, the nipponese plan to divide Asia was absolutely besides racist.

[xxii] Since the late 19th century Statue of Liberty She welcomed migrants from all over the world. An inscription with a poem by Emma Lazarus was placed on her platform New Colossus. Here is simply a passage of this poem in the translation by Victor Damascus: "Give me only your mediocre crowds all over, I will hospitablely embrace them with my arms, send me homeless clusters not small, for them I lift a lamp over the harbor of waters". Note bene, against the background of the current U.S. immigration policy symbolized by the wall at the Mexican border, the poem is anachronism.

[xxiii] The president The End of past and the Last Man. I suppose, if the thought ‘end of history’ comes from, among others, George Hegel (whose fall of the Holy Roman Empire, or the First Reich, stimulated the usage of the term) and talks about changing the paradigm of assessment and analysis of social phenomena, for Fukuyama the end of past is the collapse of totalitarianism and the emergence of liberal democracy as the beginning of history; and the thought of Last Man comes from Friedrich Nietzsche who in So says Zaratustra addresses the problem of choosing a risky and creative life, or comfortable and safe.

[xxiv] The president The End of past and the Last Man. I suppose, if the thought ‘end of history’ comes from, among others, George Hegel (whose fall of the Holy Roman Empire, or the First Reich, stimulated the usage of the term) and talks about changing the paradigm of assessment and analysis of social phenomena, for Fukuyama the end of past is the collapse of totalitarianism and the emergence of liberal democracy as the beginning of history; and the thought of Last Man comes from Friedrich Nietzsche who in So says Zaratustra addresses the problem of choosing a risky and creative life, or comfortable and safe.