The gradual dependence of the Russian Federation on China is not new. It's a process that's been going on for at least a few, if not a twelve years. This trend accelerated after Russia started a full-scale war in Ukraine. China became the main recipient of Russian energy natural materials specified as oil, gas and coal, after Europe reduced imports from Russia. In 2023 China was liable for about 37% of Russian exports, compared to 16% before the war.
