Homeland in the political discourse of the United Right in the 2023 election campaign

myslsuwerenna.pl 7 months ago

The electoral run always provides researchers, journalists and the public with additional sources on the demands and concepts of political parties. Usually, the run to the Sejm is characterised by the publication of extended electoral programmes in which participants of the electoral competition specify the state's imagination in many areas. A origin of reflection of the discourse in addition to authoritative programming papers are: interviews, public articles, transcripts of meetings of the Sejm and the Senate, laws, resolutions of parliament and bodies of political parties, electoral spots or yet novum – content of paid campaigns on the Internet, e.g. Google Adds or Facebook Adds.

Analyzing these channels of political communication, the author reviewed the political discourse of the United Right in the context of his homeland. The motivation to compose the article was provided by an intensive run of election, rich in patriotic content, referring to the widely understood homeland. Especially, in the discourse conducted by the environment of Jarosław Kaczyński, Zbigniew Ziobra, Adam Bielan and Maciej Ociepa, whose groups form the United Right.

The request for an article accepted the following thesis Research:

National issues were an crucial part of the message In United Right Election Campaign;
Political discourse on the subject of homeland built au The United Right on national safety issues;
Referendum national left instrumentally utilized In The aims of aggregating society around the United Right
Retrospective policy was the main element political discourse The United Right About the Motherland
Retrospective policy In The discourse of the United Right was intended depreciate the main political enemy – civilian Coalition.

Commitment to national values

National issues were an crucial part of the UK electoral run Right. He was. It's a consistent way. Actions, entering In basic Folder the values laid down by the political entities which are part of this ,a patriotic coalitionIt’s okay. ” You should mention, That the United Right created in the parliamentary elections: Right and Justice, Sovereign Poland, Republican organization and the fresh Association. Z still the Kukiz’15 activists competed. All of these groups have been based on the:

national and conservative values, stressing Poland's sovereign position within the European community;
active historical policy, which will cultivate the memory of the martyrdom of the homeland;
strong Poland's position in the region, hence the common communicative of improvement ideas Sea, strengthening cooperation within the Visegrad Group;
strengthening strategical ties between Poland a United States whose activity and presence in Europe is the most reliable safety guarantor.

The above mentioned ideological pillars confirm the position of leader of the United States camp Right, Jarosław Kaczyński au the Law and Justice Programme Convention of the day 13 May 2023. President of PiS, noted, That the homeland must be based on sovereignty, Freedom and equality of Poles. If is talk about the future and the programme for Poland, This need Remember the concept Fundamental for all nation, especially for Polish nation. Former Prime Minister He meant patriotism here.. Kaczyński recalled message former President Poland Lech Kaczyński, who said, that ‘We must learn fresh patriotism.” – “But this is something, which must besides lead to constant attitudes, Actions, for action, to work for the country, ready her Defence, au Believing in this homeland, to want to build her strength, What pride in this country– calculated the leader PiS. – “Country, If it's truly full, to integrate us, to make and sustain the people, must be based on certain grounds, and these foundations are in our history" - he stressed.

Homeland and safety

Political discourse on the subject of homeland built by the United Right on national safety issues. No. No. for no reason, during the run formation politicians au basic achievements In Security passed the bill o defending the homeland au day 11 March 2022, which regulated related issues au defence, military service, financing of armed forces of the Republic of Poland, the organisation and composition of the Armed Forces Poland and bodies competent in defence matters of the State and its tasks. Called to the fact, that all these matters should be covered by 1 Act Legal. In addition, it meant a cut off from the remains of the PRL system, as the current law correcting defence issues was passed in 1967. organization politicians governing stressed, that in the face of fresh external threats, specified as the hybrid war conducted au regime of Alexander Lukashenka and Russian invasion of Ukraine, au adapt government on home safety to modern geopolitical realities. Yes is straight justified by the law:

,Modern Challenges world, membership In alliance North Atlantic and direct Hazard au east required the abolition of archaic rules and were a essential condition for satisfaction needs Polish forces armed“

The bill increased army backing au 3% of GDP. By PiS politicians, Thanks. mechanisms to increase the number of soldiers planned is achievement of the Polish Army's size at least 300 thousands. Army.

Also authoritative election program of the ruling formation ‘The Safe Future of Poles”refers to the homeland in order to guarantee its safety. Authors leave assuming that the essential condition for maintaining a community built on the foundation dignity, Freedom, solidarity and equality, which protects the household and provides Duration of the Nation, is safety. The mention to tragic past was applied here Poland. The organization refers to the political thought of Lech Kaczyński, according to which the proposed energy projects led to increased political independency towards Russia, not only Polandbut also old Soviet republics. The creators of Safe Poland cancel au au Joseph’s Heritage Piłsudski, who conducted the policy ‘auctioning Polish affairs up”. No. No. first time in PIS rhetoric- We're dealing with an recognition with the legacy of sanitation..

See also: Comparison of the improvement of Polish and Czech economies

National referendum – electoral strategy instrument

Homeland safety fixed or subject substance National referendum by resolution Polish Parliament. The announcement of utilizing this form of democracy directly announced by Jarosław Kaczyński in his speech before the advanced Chamber during the debate on the tabled by PiS draft resolution on the proposal for an EU mechanics for the relocation of irregular migrants. Kaczyński reported:

‘This is mockery from Poland, This is discrimination exceptionally insolent. That's why we're on we won't agree and no Right. ed it is besides the Polish people and this must be the subject of a referendum, This issue must be the subject of a referendum. I us This referendum We'll arrange, Remember with. Poles must talk on this matter."

Four questions were formulated Reference au of three references au directly to widely understood safety of the homeland:

Do you support the sale of assets to abroad entities, leading au loss of control and Poles over strategical economical sectors?
Do You Support increase age pension, including reintroduction to 67 years age pension for Women and men?
Do you support removing barriers at the border of the Republic of Poland au Republic Belarus?
Do you support the admission of thousands of illegal immigrants au Middle East and Africa, according au Forced relocation mechanics imposed au European bureaucracy?

The plan of referendum questions raised legal doubts. Well, they were arranged in an imprecise way and were general. W case, if referendum proved to be binding, is arranged in the the method of question would de facto prevent implementation referendal settlements. In addition, the run Reference held together with the parliamentary campaign, which additionally aroused concerns about the build-up of political capital by the ruling group and run funding.

Establishment of president Kaczyński was such, That opposition parties will decide take the option of negation against the position government and approve forced relocation migrants. However, neither the president PO Donald Tusk, neither none opposition policy no They've decided to do this.. Opposition leaders realized, that this is simply a fundamental issue for the safety of citizens RP. According to political scientist AntoniDudka, President Kaczyński deliberately "set a trap" for opposition.Referendum left instrumentally treated for aggregation this parts of society, which expressed opposition to forced relocation of migrants around camp United Right. This one. the origin was intended to affect the advanced election result. The basic problem came then, When the full political class was in agreement on the matter, which fundamentally blocked the polarization plans.

There was However, yet one component political games, who is skillfully exploited could lead au maximizing result the United Right electoral, namely a retrospective policy for action Government of Poland 2014-15 and Donald Tusk as president Council European. This is about, among another things, what Caesar Tomczyk said., that ‘, Poland can accept any number (migrants – dop. author), and above all the decision of the Prime Minister Ewa Digger, who agreed to the admission to Poland About 7,000. refugees, of which liabilities after winning PiS Polish authorities withdrew. These. issues were included in the PiS spots, where false intentions were attempted to be attributed to politicians Platforms Citizens. This was besides indicated, that the European People's Party, faction of Euro MPs of the European Coalition, in which the function of president Donald was full Tusk is Advocacy changes to establish a forced relocation mechanism. According to authors spot and right-wing activists were to attest o submission to the PO leader on this issue: ‘If They'll come back again. agree are forced relocations“.

The synthesis of safety policy as and retrospective policy in discourse can be seen from an alleged ‘reset“ in Polish-Russian relations. The face of this phenomenon was given to Donald Tusk. Using mass channels in the form of Polish tv the release of the documentary series began ‘,Reset“. It's gone. This is besides an effort to set up a committee on. Russian influence. During the campaign, political doubts were besides reminded PO concerning the construction of the dam on the Polish-Belarusian border or the fact of voting against the wall of opposition MPs.

All these treatments were utilized to visualise the public a real script of interior destabilisation In if you scope power of Donald Tusk.

Active Historical Policy

Historical policy plays an crucial function in political strategy PiS. During the run We have dealt with the usage of homeland martyrdom in political discourse. W May appeared on the subject war reparations, which Germany should pay Poland for harm caused during planet War II. While visiting Berlin Vice-Chief MFA Arkady the Mullar transferred to the group Bundestag Members study on Polish losses war caused by German aggression in September 1939 and lasting nearly 6 years occupation. Mularczyk argued, that you should lead to this, au Germany felt liable for the negative Effects wars for the Polish economy, Demography and load, which fell on later generations of Poles. Position Deputy Minister of abroad Affairs was dictated by the publication by Council Ministers Poland report on Polish war losses by experts from the Institute Loss of War to them. Jana Karski. Syndrome experts estimated their tallness at 6 Blin 220 billion 609 million zł. Narrations around reparations were besides attempted to build around local governments. Local authorities have even adopted resolutions on. obtaining war compensation.

According to the MFA communication, specified resolutions were adopted in approx.. 80 local governments, in regional cities specified as Gdańsk or Lublin. Such decisions by local authorities were a consequence to Appeal Arkadiusz Mullarczyk expressed in a letter au local authorities au Requesting support for the reparation initiative. Thread reparations were brought to the level of political conflict with Coalition Civic, suggesting, that the issue of reparation is dependent from the result of the parliamentary elections. Mularczyk threw the Platform The Citizen’s Serialism: ‘Platform never will not claim compensation due to the fact that in large is counting au aid Germans. They benefit from their support and co-financing. It would be very embarrassing for them.. Hence ours western neighbors very powerfully support the Platform, being aware, What are the fundamental differences between The ruling camp and the opposition”. Presupposition au This message is rather clearly positioned the main political enemy of the United Right, who was presented as subject completely different kind of historical politics, even incompatible with the Polish state ration. No. No. without cause predict that Actions the government was programmed to present 2 visions of policy making.

On the 1 hand, a camp under the leadership of the Law and Justice absolutely representing the national interest in external relations. The full other of the PiS discourse was the Civic Platform, a broader civilian Coalition, whose policy, according to PiS politicians, assumed the nature of a threat to this national interest.

Following the conclusions presented too research, au find, that the homeland in the political discourse of the United Right was based on specified pillars as:

Active Historical Policy;
State security;
Retrospective policy;

The United Right did any monopolization at the level of ThisWho has powers to carry out national interest. She denied this opposition, mostly Coalition Citizens, leading to negative campaigns, Imposed of their deficiency of sense of work for their homeland. Presenting their own imagination of the homeland automatically – in contrast – was cancelled au au negative Actions and decision the governments of Donald Tusk, Eve Digger and MEPs of the European Coalition.

Z whole Surely essential isto carry out specified analyses for another political parties, relative to the electoral results obtained 15 October 2023. This is essential for Development of political communication policy sciences. Fair and current technological studies can add value to fresh processes, types electoral strategies, and before All – ways of utilizing the homeland in political discourse.