COMPARISON STUDIES AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR INSURANCE

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Felietons
COMPARISON STUDIES AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR ITEMS
date:07 March 2025 Editor: GKut

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Piotr Witakowski

COMPARISON STUDIES AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR ITEMS

1. Introduction

It's not the first time in my life that comes to argue wicked power. It is not the first time we meet with a division of society and not the first time there are forces in Poland to take distant its sovereignty. The time of the Polish People's Republic and, in particular, the time of martial law taught us how the citizen must behave against the force of the rulers. due to the fact that in the public sphere evil always has a face of lies, so the basic form of opposition is to defy lying. There are 3 degrees of peace opposition available to everyone. The first – do not support evil, i.e. do not participate in a lie; the second – do not let your individual to be utilized to spread a lie; the 3rd – bear witness to the truth. Below, I present a survey of 2 episodes from different periods showing how a lie could be countered and in the 1970s and at war. This survey besides shows the conditions in which freedom and, above all, freedom of speech had to be fought for. In the 1970s, despite the deficiency of political parties, media and organization support, Poles were able to make gradually all the essential institutions and despite force they pushed from the depths of the communist ocean to the surface creating first the NRA and then Solidarity. The introduction of martial law was a tragedy for the country, but compared to the 1970s it was a period of considerable freedom. The attitude of the Polish society yet led to democratic changes in the country. The following survey shows how susceptible society was in the fight against Gomulka’s power in the Polish People’s Republic and how modest the fight for democracy we had in the state of war. And yet it worked. Today, erstwhile the time of lawlessness imposed by Tusk's crew comes, we hear woe and helpless breaking of hands. For those who remember the time of the Polish People's Republic and the time of the martial law, for those who remember the conditions in which freedom and democracy came then, today's lamentation is annoying. I'd like to say, halt crying like children after picking up toys and get to work. The current opposition has a large political organization and can usage supporting radio and tv channels. There's quite a few independent press and publishing. And all the power of the net is available. What? Will these forces always build a programme of action for society?Therefore, it is worth recalling what the fight for freedom and democracy looked like erstwhile it was truly difficult. possibly the reader will find inspiration for forms of opposition against the present lawlessness.

2. Year 1971

After 1956, the next years of full submission to the PZPR in power. The first secretary of the KC PZPR Władysław Gomułka, who was completely serviced to the Kremlin, could feel in his power unharmed. Student protests in March 1968 MO and SB brutally suppressed, anti-Jewish nag (against Zionists) removed many people from leadership positions and led to emigration of about 13,000. In August 1968, troops of the Polish Army joined the invasion of USSR troops into Czechoslovakia. Founded in the mid-1960s, the secret organization of the Movement (Stefan Niesiolowski, Andrzej Czuma, Emil Morgiewicz) was arrested in June 1970.
Copy of the leaflet

Despite widespread outrage, no of these actions provoked mass social protests. The management of the PZPR felt completely impunityless and on 12 December 1970 a drastic increase in food prices was announced, which at the time was set by the State. This caused strikes in coastal cities. Military forces were utilized to strangle them, resulting in 41 deaths and 1164 injuries. This bloody operation has led to the removal from Gomulka's power. The first KC secretary was Edward Gierek. He tried to keep a price increase and reconcile the strikers promising "socialism with a human face", but after the strike of the fibermakers in Łódź in February 1971 the price increase had to be withdrawn. In this situation I felt that I could not stay passive and in March 1971 I prepared a leaflet signed by ISKRA and distributed it to the largest universities in Warsaw. From later information, I learned that it triggered an full investigation by SB. Below is the contents of this leaflet.

Fellas.

Jwe witness events that no longer let us to be just witnesses. individual changes in the Government and management of the PZPR were made as a consequence of the work occurrences. But individual change isn't enough. They do not warrant the fulfilment of demands and aspirations of society. And the request for a warrant comes from the experiences of October and Marc. Then, as in December, increasing discontent besides turned into an open social protest, full of work for the destiny of the country, with a circumstantial renewal programme. But the authorities did not implement demands and demands, and the request for changes led to personnel shifts. As a result, there was another crisis. It is concluded that, in addition to personnel changes, changes in the way in which power is exercised – changes that institutionally safeguard the implementation of public demands. The main reason for failure to account for the public opinion, and thus the separation of power from the masses, is the existence of a constitutional freedom of censorship. It is censorship that prevents the authorities from tracking the increasing problems and social sentiments, and society is deprived of reliable information thereby undermining assurance in the authorities. It is censorship through misinformation that is at the core of what allowed Marc to deal with intelligence, and in December to shoot workers. The dead Coast workers are obliged. We cannot anticipate passively to fulfill appropriate demands. We have a work for the function of intelligence in society. Let us defy censorship – this retrograde anachronism which is an obstacle to actual renewal. Although we can't destruct it, let's start a process that makes it meaningless. Let's remember March. Writing and rewriting flyers was then 1 of our strongest weapons. We gotta catch her again. It is simply a weapon available to everyone, and its effectiveness is tested. Let us avoid censorship and start a universal, unfettered discussion with leaflets. Let us discuss, among colleagues and friends, all of the country's most crucial problems, especially ways to guarantee that the mistakes of the people moving the state do not become a tragedy. Let us print the proposals in leaflets, which will let others to participate in the discussion. These leaflets will besides be a visible demonstration of our commitment to the substance of the country and of our vigilance before the authorities return to the policy of ignoring the attitude of society. Let's prescribe more interesting flyers.

Fellas. Consider the discussion open. Our motions are being read. Discuss. Write. We're dropping the password of the open mouth.

ISKRA March 1971

At the same time I made contact with the Węczęg Cluster (Antoni Macierewicz, Piotr Naimski). It was a group from the Scouts' Black 1 strain at Rejtana advanced School in Warsaw. I was amazed to find that this is simply a group fulfilling my demands and conducting discussions on the current problems of Poland. The gathering of the Vęczęg Group with sociologist Jan Strzelecki was devoted to a discussion entitled “What to do on the Vistula River”. specified a question was asked by the invited sociologist stressing the deficiency of prospects in Poland governed by Gomółka. In fact, he had only 1 proposal – to search the position of expert from UN organisations. Young people have demonstrated their profession – this is an chance for few, not a way that everyone can follow. erstwhile I spoke, I said:

- The clue to what to do is written on the board in the main hall of Warsaw University of Technology. The words of Chancellor Jan Zamojski “There will always be specified a Republic as to hide their youth”. If we want Poland to be better, we gotta convince young people.

After a fewer years, I learned that these words were virtually trying to be carried out by the members of the Vęczęg Group. respective of them submitted applications to the Ursyn settlement of the same school wishing to become teachers and educators of young people. Unfortunately, in a short time, the authorities realized their intentions, considered them hostile and declared them employment contracts.

When the repression of the workers of Radom and Ursus began in June 1976 after the wave of strikes caused by the next increase, the Węczęg Cluster immediately began with material and legal assistance. In developing this aid action, Antoni Macierewicz and Piotr Naimski developed the concept of the assistance committee and on 23 September 1976 led to the establishment of the NRA - the Workers' Defence Committee.

3. Year 1982

After martial law was introduced on December 13, 1981, the free word could only be in the underground. There have been many underground editorials publishing and press and books. I found a place in the editorial office of the Wolf magazine. I published it under the pseudonym Krzysztof Piotrowski. In addition to the weekly magazine, the WOLI editorial issued an extended newsletter called IDEE on programme issues. The first issue of this newsletter includes my article entitled “Poland Chance”, which is presented below. The article was the subject of an editorial discussion with the sociologist prof. Jadwiga Staniszkis[1], which was published in the next issue.

First issue of WOLA Weekly First issue of IDEE newsletter

POLAND SPANISH

1. Current situation

1.1. Social situation

Social awareness is the foundation of any interior change. Sympathy, antipathy, preferences, beliefs and relationships between people find the anticipation of rebuilding socio-political and economical structures. On 13 December, despite appearances, he did not bring any social changes. specified processes are slow. It is right to say that the social situation has shaped the full past of the country since the dawn of history. However, what is most crucial for these considerations is the consequence of events and phenomena taking place in Poland since September 1976, i.e. since the creation of the NRA. This minute is crucial because, for the first time since the liquidation of the PSL in 1949, it was undertaken with a view to socio-political change, assuming that The subject of these changes will not be the ruling group but society[2]. In various spheres of social, cultural, economic, technological activity, and yet political activity, this thought is being developed until now. It was captured by society as a whole. August 80 and "S" are only fruits of this idea. The condition for its implementation is the interest and engagement in public affairs of broad social groups. In order for specified an engagement to exist, people must hope, they must see the meaning of their effort. This is simply a basic condition if society is to behave like an entity. The second condition is solidarity between the broad masses. Organizational ties are needed to make this possible. Turning this into a applicable language – a smooth flow of information and a steering centre.

The current social situation may be called critical for this reason, the destiny of the general attitude of humans towards crows is weighed[3]. In the sphere of affection, a unified almost unfavorable position of resentment dominates. However, maintaining a long time of martial law (in practice the state of lawlessness) causes in a comparatively tiny part of society the transition of aversion to deaf hatred, and in a much larger part of society to resign. This is essential for any social action. The public is willing to lead any kind of action of popular resistance, but a smaller part of it is capable of specified intellectual resistance. It is evident that the order of the crow is respected. Not only clearly defined, specified as a curfew, but besides never publically formulated – e.g. halt wearing "S" stamps. The crows managed to intimidate the vast social masses. In this situation, it will become more hard to decision these masses to act – that is, to be an entity. The radicalization of individual individuals, the isolated brave or even heroic actions of narrow groups, in this situation, causes the other effect – not only do they not affect broad masses, but they scare them and lead to the alienation of specified groups and individuals. If a man is incapable to perform, repeat the action, he is instinctively seeking justification for his inaction. This causes adverse changes in public awareness. A number of people begin to consider the “strepid actions” to be “irresponsible action” and are mentally cut off from all union performers. Terrorist activities are peculiarly dangerous in this regard. The emergence of specified actions on a larger scale consequently excludes the anticipation of collective interventions as a consequence of fears not to be accused of a relation with terrorism – a wide scope of people refrain from any action. And they do not head being satisfied with the fact that, for example, terrorists punish a criminal. In addition, everyone is convinced that “without me they will be able to do it more effectively than I could”.

All of this does not concern issues that can be treated as cooperation with the crow. The artistic and journalistic environments show their dislike of crows with an incredible sacrifice – to the failure of livelihoods including[4]. opposition to cooperation in another professional environments – including workers – is much less. The same as among journalists, the attitude of the workers would mean that they do not enter the work if the production tasks are assigned to them by representatives of the crows5. There's nothing like it. Standing at your workshop is not felt as collaboration. Only the explicit dedication of propaganda services (e.g. an interview for TV) or reporting is considered to be collaboration.

Military and police environments are almost entirely at the service of crows. This does not change the fact that there are many instances of refusal of obedience and in these environments. The officer's staff in its essential mass is foolish and demoralized. It is revenge for the "S" to leave these backgrounds behind during a period of open action completely on the sidelines of their influence. Units conducive to social change are incapacitated without comparison stronger than in another environments due to a rigid corset of disciplines and the dangerous consequences of insubordination. It is amazing that many accounts confirm the authentic belief of the officer's staff in the claim that "S" intends to execution officers and their families.

Organizational bonds were broken up in society 13.12. According to simple principles of combat, the impact of the crow occurred primarily in the information and management of the "S". They retained their strength and the ability to coordinate only individual establishments, but this is the consequence of the specificity of the work, not the "S" procedures. The creation of an information network covering the full country and the creation of a coordination centre is rather pressing. At the moment, both functions hang exclusively on underground press and TKK[5]. Public awareness in terms of knowing political conditions and interest in public problems is presently high. However, it does not appear that large groups have a common political doctrine. On the contrary, there is simply a full void in this regard. It is actual that this is simply a function for political parties that are not yet present. However, the creation of political parties with a strict agenda at the minute will be tantamount to the political division of society. The only programme that can now number on widespread support is simply a program of effective opposition to crows without excessive vulnerability to repression. The crow itself is not a political party, it has no political agenda, it has no established membership. It is simply a mob group that has nothing to offer the public but the lust for power.

In conclusion, Polish society is almost entirely oriented towards crows reluctantly and evenOn the 1 hand, the emergence in prices and on the another hand the position of the Church has been established.. However, This attitude is now manifest only by avoiding cooperation. As a subject of the action, there are individual narrow groups and in these actions a deficiency of coordination. Without the establishment of a country-wide organisational link, it is impossible to take large-scale social action – public disclosure as a whole. The extension of martial law without the creation of these ties will lead to a break-up of “activists” and “passive mass” which will become increasingly hard to break over over time. The only programme that can now number on broad public support is the required abolition of the martial law and the reactivation of the "S".

1.2. economical situation

It is estimated that around 70% of manufacture is incapable to operate without import supplies from the West – whether in the form of natural materials or spare parts. The declining import supplies in the situation of being driven by import-intensive technologies in the early 1970s make a situation almost impossible for the Polish economy. economical difficulties best illustrate authoritative data on the dynamics of national income generated. The top dynamics has been recorded in 1973 for 30 years, at 10.8%. From 1974 to 1981, it was 10%, 9%, 7%, 5%, 3%, -2%, -4%, -13%, respectively. The fall in 1981 was mostly due to government obstruction. However, in the last months beforeIn December 1981, production decreased first and in the final monthsgrowth has already been reported. How advanced the dynamics of this increase is evidenced by the fact that, if a steady decrease in production was observed by autumn, the autumn months led to specified an increase that in December (actually only 2 weeks of production) production exceeded by 4 % the production of all January 1981, which gave the best production results in the first half of the year. This was the consequence of workers' engagement in economical issues. After 13.12 there was a sharp decline in industrial production. According to authoritative data in January this year.[6] by 13.7% and in February by 11.6% compared to 1981. However, the fact is even worse, as due to the political situation of the management of plants (especially military) they mostly usage the inclusion of incomplete and defective products as part of the plans, and usually distort production performance. The actual fall in income surely exceeds 20%. For comparison, the year of the deepest economical downturn in Poland during the large crisis, i.e. 1930, brought about an 18 % drop in production. However, it is not the fact that production is falling, but the mechanics of production. The main origin is the supply shortages, which consequence in the exclusion from production of further departments and full plants. It is simply a phenomenon resembling an infectious epidemic and is expanding to fresh areas of the economy. First, electronic and chemical plants “infected”. Then the light industry. The longest will be the electromechanical industry, metallurgy, mining and energy industry. The situation is different depending on the bet. The plants that accumulated larger stocks of natural materials and spare parts in 1981 are inactive alive. Those who have not done so stand in succession. The exception is mining, which was treated prestigiously. There is indeed an increase in production here. Currently, the “disease” reaches the electromechanical industry. For example, the regular production of FSO[7] ranges from 26 to 60 % (March data)[8], and the list of natural materials and parts which are not prevented from expanding production is constantly increasing. If the supply situation does not change, in June they must stand, among others, in the shipbuilding and automotive industries. According to any reports, 75 % of production capacity is already immobilised.

RWPG Supplies[9] They cannot offset the shortages of imports from the West, as the RPPG countries do not have all the essential Polish natural materials economy, and even more spare parts. The longer-term economical sanctions of the West must so lead to a decline in production to around 30% of 1979 as early as 1983. costly RPPG aid combined with a conversion of the production profile could reduce this decrease to around 50%, but neither can specified a scope of aid be counted upon nor can it be possible under the current conditions to decision the production facilities to another profile. specified a profound decline in production in Poland would gotta have disastrous economical consequences throughout the RPPG and consequently an increase in tensions throughout the camp and inevitable political changes. Until now, however, the pacification of the Polish society can make specified advancement that it will only be the subject, alternatively than the subject of these changes.

It should be noted that a drastic price increase has already been carried out and the effect is that it allows authorities to reduce social consumption by half. The funds thus obtained are at the full disposal of the crow. It can be utilized to grow the police and pay off abroad commitments. Although the social impact of the increase will be manifested in the discontent of the general public, it will at the same time force them to increase their treatment for livelihoods. On the another hand, abroad trade in Poland will take place – although not on a full scale – due to the fact that the western creditors will do everything (including breaking up Poland's economical blockade) to recover their claims. The economical situation will put a comparatively low burden on the food marketplace in Poland. The crow will resign (probably already agreed in Moscow) from exporting Polish food, and the disruption of industrial production will not be affected by the supply of agriculture besides drastically, as the manufacture has not worked so far. Only a drastic decline in fruit production can be foreseen due to the deficiency of plant protection products.

In conclusion, Poland's economical blockade on the part of the West may lead to the collapse of the Polish economy and attempts to rescue it by the RPPG will lead to the economical crisis in the remaining block countries. However, the West is full aware of this and does not seem to have the courage to do so. Moreover, despite the unquestionable advancement in this respect, the integration of the political and economical activities of the West is far away, which will weaken the pace of the economical collapse of Poland. This fall will not consequence in agricultural collapse, as it has never had much support from industry. Thus, the agricultural population with its own workshops will not be affected by the crisis to the degree of the urban one, and this will consequence in a natural desire to burden farmers more heavy with the costs of the crisis by administrative means (requisitions, quotas, etc.).

1.3. global situation

The first 3 months were very successful for Poland – the attention of the full planet was focused on Poland. This is simply a crucial fact due to the fact that the only force capable of resisting the power of the USSR is the combined forces of the West. This 1 is moved by 2 springs – capital and public opinion. These are springs closely linked to each another and the West moves only with their joint action. Until 13.12.81 there was actually not a single day since the end of planet War II, erstwhile in the case of the Russian camp both these springs would interact. The capital sought for itself a field for business activity and found specified a field in cooperation with the Russian camp. The West economy has mostly set itself up to exchange with the East. This inhibited the reactions of Western society's reluctance to regulation totalitarianally in the East. The economical break-up with the East threatened unemployment and the economical crisis in the West, and consequently the discontent of the population and the displacing of the democratic current political squad from power. This interplay of conditions made the West never consistent in its relations with the East – he condemned it, but collaborated with it and actually funded it. Now the West's financier is in fear for his debts and awareness of it will not let the East to get loans as advanced as it has been. This must lead to the gradual collapse of East-West trade and the gradual conversion of the Western economy to "trade without the East". The accusations against the East by the public for the first time meet the same capital stance (request for repayment of loans) and ruling groups (request for disarmament and respect for Helsinki).[10]). There is so a historical chance to make a unified position towards the East within each country. The problem remains the solidarity of individual states and the USSR will do everything to prevent it. It needs to be stressed that it is now economically dependent on the West and the break-up of trade relations with the West threatens it with identical consequences (although not on specified a scale) as Poland's economical blockade – the import needs of the USSR in grain alone are 40 million t this year[11]. Not counting absolutely essential supplies of investment equipment, precision equipment, electronic equipment, etc.

Recent weeks have led to a political downturn for Poland – Central America, the mediate East and the fresh Falkland Islands conflict[12] reduce Polish interest. Not to the degree that Moscow and the crow can number on forgetting Poland.

It is crucial to emphasise the quality of the global situation which it has brought 13.12. 1 of them is the aforementioned community of capital interests and public opinion. The second question of the usefulness of any agreements with Moscow in the event of its failure to keep the existing agreements. The 3rd is the complete discredit of Moscow's ideology, which is ideology, as we can see today, is based solely in bayonets and Western financial assistance.

The situation of Poland under current global conditions is even a determinant of global policy. It makes no sense to say that no political change is impossible in Poland due to aversion

Moscow to make specified changes. specified a message does not take as a starting point, nor the arrangement of interior forces in Poland, nor the arrangement of forces in the world, but only part of the arrangement of interior forces and part of the arrangement of planet forces – in Poland only the apparatus of violence, and in the planet only the power of the USSR.

In conclusion, the global situation is more favourable for Poland than always in fresh years and the West could force the full east camp to political concessions by its determined and uniform attitude or to bring about interior overthrows due to the economical crisis it is able to cause. However, the attitude of the West is inactive a large reserve and lacks adequate determination. The protracting position quo in Poland, however, must lead to a serious crisis on the scale of the camp in a fewer months at most. 2 unknown elements stay –

- whether the individual Western states will begin, in the interests of planet peace, to break out of the rule of "not weakening" economical sanctions,

- whether the USSR will decide on a large-scale armed conflict (although not necessarily world-wide).

1.4. interior political situation

Power comes only from listening to others. He's the only 1 with the power to perceive to. In this sense, there are 4 centres of power in Poland – political forces:

- crow,

- Party, - Church,

- Solidarity.

The crow has overrun all state institutions. Moreover, it has an exclusive apparatus of coercion, military and militia, but these bodies cannot be entirely certain. In order to guarantee their obedience, the crow resorted to the monstrous magnitude of provocation by convincing the officer staff about the “S” night of the Holy Mass. Bartholomew[13]. There is simply a gradual decline in the assurance of the officer's staff in crows and with little and little enthusiasm to suppress manifestation and social resistance. The condition is obviousness, complete clarity, that it is about social resistance, not the troublesome activity of tiny groups, agents, etc.

The organization ceased to number as the first political force. It has dissolved into crows and associate masses. The second are now more terrorized than the remainder of society. They are aware of the mechanisms that decision the crow, due to the fact that they are identical to those in which until late all members of the organization participated. I guess it's hard to number on people's individual behavior. They will be a slow, even small, comparatively tiny mass, completely passive and devoid of its own influence on the course of events. She was alienated from society and seeking justification for her inactivity. Active and honest individuals have already left the party, and those who stay are either members of the crow (party apparatus), or people who are incapable to leave out of fear and conformism.

The Church is simply a large political force, but only in terms of spiritual life and her preaching of science. This is, however, b. much, due to the fact that there are many ethical commandments associated with this life and this science. For the vast majority of society, the Church is simply a signpost of moral attitudes, and consequently besides social and political attitudes.

"Solidarity" lost after 13.12 the fundamental political power for crows due to fear of the latter. Potentially, however, it is inactive a immense force. It can proceed to decision society as a whole, but to a much smaller degree than before 13.12. The actions that the S can easy enforce from its members are all activities involving collecting, processing and transmitting information. Without much effort, ‘S’ can origin mass occurrences or restraint from a number of actions, provided that this does not exposure the excessive repression of participants. "S" has an full organizational staff operating in the underground – these people usually do nothing but conspiracy if they are forced to hide. It can besides easy establish different implementing bodies and decision on to a number of another activities outside the IT activities. Social expectations for "S" are inactive much greater than their activity. A peculiarly annoying society is the deficiency of coordination between individual regions and even betting.

2. Desirable Situation

The eventual goal of society's pursuits is to accomplish democracy and to safeguard it permanently. Democracy means a social strategy that ensures that all individual citizen and social group has public expression of their will and decisions according to the will of the majority. It is understood that, with the current level of national and social awareness, the majority will like to gain independence, to guarantee fair rights, equality and civilian liberties, friendly relations with neighbours, active participation in planet policy-making, broad cultural, economical and technological exchange with all democratic countries, etc. It is actual that, in the sphere of global policy, certain conditions must besides be met not only by Poles dependent on the accomplishment of the above-mentioned objectives. This applies especially to national sovereignty, which now seems unrealistic due to the interests of the USSR. However, a democratic country may like to make the majority of its society conscious Periodic to renounce his aspirations for full sovereignty due to his own security. In the case of Poland, this would lead to respect for the interests of the USSR, but only to the degree that the majority of Polish society would agree to this[14]. specified a situation should be considered temporary. She must guarantee that decisions on concrete sacrifices to the USSR are made, not in Moscow, but in Warsaw. The scope of these sacrifices must, of course, be reduced over time. Even this transitional period must give all the conditions for establishing friendly, sincere cooperation between the people of Poland and the peoples of the USSR and Germany, and the pace of political independency from Moscow must be adapted to the advancement of planet security. In a sensible analysis of the time horizon, the USSR should undergo evolution from a country threatening the planet by an isolated state to a democratic state with friendly relations with the West and its neighbours. In this process, Poland must play a function as a promoter of interior transformations in the USSR, and thus it must itself overtake it in these changes.

In conclusion, Poland's first strategical goal must be to gain independency from the USSR, but democracy. independency can only come as common trust and cooperation between the East and the West increase. The reversal of the order of 2 of these objectives exposes Poland to a direct clash with the USSR, as it means a immense failure of its own power erstwhile it feels itself threatened by the possible interaction of the West and the Far East. And from specified a clash, Poland cannot appear victorious under current conditions. The USSR can, on the another hand, take the hazard of allowing democracy in Poland under the current conditions, while maintaining strategical control over it. This will be a hazard akin to the 1 he decided to undertake the war in Afghanistan and akin to the hazard during the intervention in 56 Hungary. In both of these cases, he could (could) retreat if the West had shown a determination specified as during the Korean War. It must besides be possible to retreat from the policy of allowing democracy in Poland. But specified democracy will have a affirmative global and overall effect on W-Z relations, so it will give emergence to the above outlined process and there will be no reason to retreat from the benefit-making practice.

3. Action needed

3.1. strategy The only origin of power – always and everywhere – is obedience to others. Only. This obedience of others is power - it is power.

The current situation in Poland is in fact a martial law between the crow, i.e. an perfect oligarchy of the party-military, and the remainder of the society, which can be further identified with an "S". The strategical goal of the crow is to gain absolute power, thus forcing the obedience of society to the full in all area of life and perpetuating this situation. This means not only the complete demolition of social resistance, but besides the will of this resistance, and this can only be achieved by absolute decay, by tomination of society, and thus the complete elimination of any organizational structures not controlled by crows. The power is now divided by the crow, the Church and the "S" (other organizations do not count), but the nature of the authority exercised by the crow differs fundamentally from the nature of the power of the another 2 institutions. People perceive to the Church and “S” due to the fact that they want to, while crows perceive out of fear. The Church, speaking Marxist language, has indivisible control over the superstructure (insofar as it is an interest of the Church) and the crow even avoids clash in this respect. In all another manifestations of social life, specified as law, economy, culture, science, interpersonal relations, state apparatus, there is simply a war between the crow and the remainder of society, which presently has only 1 organized force – “S”. As much power as the crow loses, it gains "S" and vice versa. This is simply a common push that leaves no emptiness – in all area of life, conflicting commands or recommendations of crows and "S" can be indicated and people perceive to crows or "S". Both of these organizations usage a different weapon – “S” uses people’s sympathy for themselves and antipathy for crows, while crow uses respective weapons in the following order:

- law – most often,

- fear of the apparatus of force – often, – with the apparatus of force – rarely.

This is the basic premise to be taken into account erstwhile building an "S" strategy and ignoring it must lead to highly incorrect conclusions. The number of acts of human activity related to the direct action of the apparatus of force is small compared to the number of acts resulting from fear, and this in turn is small compared to the number of acts resulting from respect for the rights imposed by the crow (all economic, cultural and another activities starting with, for example, the regular respect of hours of work by millions of people). The crow's moving things, and millions of people are doing things all day.They respect! This is, in fact, the designation of crows by millions!

The aim is to bring about democracy in Poland, and this now means the deprivation of power of crows, i.e. the public's declaration of obedience and submission to individual else – temporarily only the "S" enters into account. The ‘S’ strategy must presume an investigation for this intent in a bloodless manner. This requires much better, more thorough preparations than preparations for the classical war, even specified as the crow started. This requires much more strength than those that are adequate to carry out a classical war – to win a conflict without a fight, 1 must have a clear, decisive advantage. This requires the following elements to be integrated into the "S" strategies: (a) the interaction of "S" with the Church and the West,

(b) to prevent the russian invasion,

(c) to prevent full clash with the crow,

(d) the gradual tearing out of power over the country.

Given the above, it is easy to conclude that the main line of the "S" strategy should be "right entry’ – to make the law, according to which Poles will act. This process should be three-step. In the first stage, the law should meet 2 conditions: (a) do not interfere with the law of crows,

(b) require people not to act, but simply to refrain from legitimate action.

In the second phase – to which it will be possible to go only if the fundamental mass of society respects the rights introduced in the first phase – the created law should take into account only condition a). Both of these stages must lead to public awareness to respect recently created rights. erstwhile the fundamental mass of society begins to respect the rights of the second stage, it will be possible to decision to the 3rd stage, in which the condition (a) will no longer be taken into account. The conclusion of the 3rd phase will mean a situation where the vast majority of society lives according to the rights of new, own, self-respected. This will be the actual creation of a fresh country of choice, of its own free will. This will mean achieving the goal set above.

It's frightening that the crow could now delegalize the NZS[15]SDP17 and will shortly most likely effort to delegate "S"[16]. The strategy outlined above should reverse the situation. In the 3rd phase (or possibly earlier) the WRON should first of all be banned and the further legality of the IPR should be raised. This strategy should be launched immediately. Otherwise announcing the illegality of “S” by crow will mean that not only crows, but besides millions of Poles will consider “S” illegal. It will be a tragic paradox. If most Poles identify themselves with the "S" and at the same time consider it illegal, they will so consider themselves illegal. This will paralyze the will to resist, and the units active in the opposition will be widely regarded as criminals (no substance how fond they are).

Two are the conditions for the success of this strategy:

- an independent, socially acceptable legislative centre,

- an efficient IT strategy covering the majority of the population, which will be considered absolutely reliable and representing the interests of the public.

So far only the residual skeleton of this strategy has been created. It is an underground press which, however, only serves a tiny part (probably no more than 5%) of society. The remainder of them get "independent" information from Western radio stations and to a tiny degree from church sources.

The construction of the Social Legislative Court should be immediately undertaken, which would work on the creation of legal provisions in force in Poland regardless of the crow and the legal institutions dominated by it. specified a court cannot be based solely on an ‘S’, but on a broad social base based on a jury. The organisational side of specified a Court must take on the ‘S’ and all underground letters must take on the work to print its provisions. In any case, 1 nationwide paper must be created as the press body of the Court. The first provisions of the Court must specify what is allowed and what is not permitted by the Poles in terms of any contact with the crow and must find penalties for failure to comply with the resolutions of the Court. In the first period these sanctions should be enforced by the criminal environment and sanctions themselves should be boycotted. Further, another legal institutions will request to be created – courts, prosecutors, investigative apparatus and law enforcement apparatus. After the full legal strategy has been built, it will be possible to establish another social institutions that are compatible with the law. First, they should be institutions covering economical life.

All this will be possible only with constant advancement in developing independent mass media.

It must be remembered that only the cooperation of the “S”, the Church and the West can guarantee the success of this strategy. fresh laws must so be in line with the teachings of the Church and the ideals of Western democracy. Emigration activists “S” and Polonia must usage all influence to gain Western support for Polish society. In the existence of social economical institutions, it will be crucial for the West to honour their decisions. For example, on the advice of the Social Council of National Economy, the West should unlock selectively the embargo causing advancement in the areas of the economy identified by the SRGN. The rule must be that it is the West that respects the provisions of the SRGN, not the SRGN of the West. This will be a de facto global designation of economical power in Poland in the form of SRGN.

All these institutions must be set up openly or conspiratorly depending on the conditions in each peculiar case. Public institutions should be limited to issuing opinions, but they should, in accordance with the laws of the Court, constitute binding rules, breaking out from which they are threatened by certain sanctions (prior to morals).

The strategy outlined above should lead to the creation of all state institutions under conditions of gradual transition from conspiracy to transparency as conditions for the functioning of the crow force apparatus change. The long - word functioning of this apparatus is important. However, its activity must be treated by all Polish citizens, specified as the activity of a gang of robbers inside a weak temporarily state or the activity of natural elements.

3.2. Tactics

The construction of a fresh Poland should so start with the construction of a fresh law. However, in order for this strategy to succeed, the order in which legal rules are to be built must be specified as to guarantee that they are respected from the outset. The fresh government must be of 2 types:

- concerning the general public,

- concerning selected social groups that can become citizens of the fresh Poland and service as a model of social attitudes.

In the first case, legal provisions b. easy to respect, e.g. refrain from buying newspapers on Wednesday and refrain from going to cinemas and theatres on the 13th of each month. It is only then possible to formulate orders in addition to bans, e.g. the attachment of a green bow on 13th or the work to attend Mass in the chosen church.

In the second case, environmental codes of conduct should be established. Above all, it is about codes of conduct for creative environments, teachers, journalists and scientists. The intellectual environment must set a pattern. It is admirable to see the attitude of artistic circles, which already have specified a code in part, clearly stating what is meant by the collaboration of the artist. However, the interior rules created in the artistic environment and already respected must be approved by the STU (Social Legislative Court) and made public. The same codification of the rules applicable to academics, journalists and teachers should be followed. They must be equal in their artistic attitudes. It is only erstwhile the full intelligent planet is covered by specified codification that government covering the general public can be moved forward, but only to prevent the fresh law from being disregarded due to fear of crow repression. In any case, local rights should be created that are tailored to the local level of fear of crow and the public's willingness to act. For example, Świdnik could have a much further law than Warsaw, but assuming that erstwhile imposing a fresh law on Świdnik, which will be respected there, it will be extended to another localities. Finally, the rights of the force apparatus should be created. This is very difficult, but necessary. These rights must presume that they participate in the work of this apparatus, not of their own free will, but of coercion and the very fact that they participate in it (e.g.) is not yet a crime, but an initiative of their own in the usage of violence, especially physical violence. The creation of these rights must be peculiarly prudent, due to the fact that the effect should be to refrain from rape, and reckless legislative activity can consequence in the other effect – a full sense of danger on the part of the people of this apparatus and their integration. It is peculiarly crucial to guarantee that the military and militia are informed of their rights in order to prevent the propaganda of crows from utilizing these rules by falsifying them to strengthen the interior apparatus of violence.

The mass media will play a key function and their indestructibility must be guaranteed even with crow rage paroxism. Independently from the Western radio station, the basis must be their own method means operating in Poland. The success of information efficiency regardless of the crow's actions can only be ensured by large numbersretransmission measures. To this end, all workplaces where more than 100 people work should be obliged to make their own printing groups and train them in reproduction techniques. all Polish citizen is to have the right to reliable information, but besides the work to supply it actively. "S" emigration activists, including Polonia, should establish the "S" radio station as shortly as possible and have specified an impact on the West as to lead to retransmission of programmes via the network

satellite to Poland. In any case, a network of national transmitters and relay stations should be created to let the transmission of satellite programmes and retransmissions[17]. It's not just radio, it's television. The second initially mainly with tape cassettes[18], but in time after the production of peculiar appetizers in.cz.21 could be received straight on tv screens straight from satellites, i.e. in a way that excludes interference[19]. Similarly, another audiovisual systems - films, cassette tapes, etc. should be developed. Throughout this activity, immense tasks must remainder on framescientific and method and engineering. Union organisations in institutes and investigation centres must be given circumstantial method problems to address, thus developing the production of simple printing equipment, implementing fresh duplicating technologies, mass production of transmitters jointly emitting programs from different points in order to prevent interruption of emissions by goniometric services[20]. Generally, technological and method personnel must be decently utilized to wage war with the crow. You can be certain that crows will be rapidly defeated in this field and method measures will be created to guarantee that the full public has unfettered access to information.

The creation of independent cultural institutions – galleries, exhibitions, concerts, recitals, theatres, etc. must now be undertaken. The artistic environment must receive support from another environments and the anticipation of artistic production. Independent printing should focus on publishing items of Polish literature which authors do not want to be addicted to crows. Independent publications must in time let all people to pen the boycotting of printers without prejudice to the transmission.

In all these actions, the rule must be that social institutions are being created, either apolitically or with a political colour corresponding to the Government of National Unity. Any political dispute may be held in independent media, but must not weaken the social acceptability of the social institutions. The S will play a peculiar function here. It should be an executive body of the provisions of institutions specified as STU, SRNG. In order for this to be possible, however, it must rebuild its nationwide structure under conspiracy conditions. It will besides have the primary task of organising social opposition against the crow.

An crucial function in the construction of the fresh Poland will be in collective demonstration of belonging to it. Each form of manifestation must be peaceful and presuppose avoiding clashes with the apparatus of violence. These may be shares b. different – ornaments fastened to clothes, a minute of collective silence[21], walking together in a circumstantial place[22] etc. It is crucial that all time these are acts that happen accidentally constantly but comparatively rarely. Demonstration should consist of mass execution of specified acts, which will contradict the probability of randomness only by massity. For example: at any minute a individual stops on the street, but stopping at the same minute most passersby becomes a manifestation. Crows may ban certain behaviours already recognized as demonstrations (e.g. walks during DTV). Then the way of manifestation without opposition should be changed to another. This will lead the crow regulations to absurdity and will compromise it in the eyes of the world's opinion. It will be hard in the West to realize that power can stay in sound senses and at the same time forbid carpet jerking, wearing berets, wearing handkerchiefs, stopping on the street, etc. The condition for specified demonstrations to gain political importance is their coordination on a national scale.

4. Final comments

Any effort to change reality requires that the individual who takes the test act as an actor (regardless of the strategy adopted). behaviour may at most hinder the change desired by the Adversary, but it cannot bring any change desired by it. However, the situation in which the Polish society finds itself does not let it to deteriorate, but even the position quo is already unbearable. So there is no another way - society has to act as an actor if it does not want to lose its identity. Chapter 1 indicates that the global situation is successful for the activities of the Polish society. If these actions are consistent with the teachings of the Church and the ideas of Western democracy, Polish society can number on the support of immense political forces abroad. The scope of the self-employed actions of these forces, which they will, of their own free will, is already clearly defined. These are “passive” actions, which are, at most, to abstain from support for crows, but surely not “active” actions (except for charitable activities). Polish society taking action according to this strategy will act as an independent entity not only in interior but besides in global policy. It has all chance to stimulate global events.

A strategy above that, or actually a program of building a fresh Poland here and now without looking at the crow, may seem unrealistic. Again, however, it must be stressed that all power comes only from listening to others. Nowadays Poles do not want to perceive to crows and would like to perceive to individual else, but they have no one. There is now no centre of power that could have specified authority and have specified work for the destiny of the country as to perceive to the public. The structure of the "S" is mostly broken and the Church cannot engage in social affairs besides far from its mission. So you gotta make a facility like this.

Central power must be on 3 levels – legislative, executive and judicial. "S" can only execute executive functions, and at the minute it is bad. However, this is little crucial due to the fact that the legislative authority is the most important. So it is essential to make specified authority as shortly as possible, or at least its seed. It is only then essential to establish judicial authorities and to make executive authorities.

The readiness of society to respect fresh rights and thus the reality of the full strategy is demonstrated by the situation in the artistic environment that created fresh rights for itself. And he does live by them. There is no reason not to extend this situation to the full society, thus creating the foundations of a fresh Poland, regardless of the temporary existence of crows.

Currently there are opportunities for Poland and Poles, which have not been present in 40 years, which were besides not present between August and December. Chances of building a new, free, democratic Poland. Poland, which, in its first period, would have experienced “Tatar raids” from the police and the military and would have been vulnerable. But these disasters on a large scale could only be in the first 2 phases of the creation of fresh laws and, consequently, the fresh statehood.

For the first time in 40 years there is an independent and trusted organisational structure in Poland, covering millions of Poles. For the first time there are abroad representations of Polish society (not the Polish state). For the first time there is an thought around which the full broken and divided Polonia can focus, and as a result, a large political force was created in the West able to represent the interests of the Polish society and mobilise public opinion on a scale akin to that exercised by the Polish National Committee under the leadership of Dmowski. For the first time the highest ruler of the Catholic Church is Pole. For the first time the interests of the West coincide with those of the Polish society. And yet – most importantly – authority of authoritative authorities has fallen so low that Poles are ready despite fearSaying to obey them.

New Poland should keep fraternal relations with another oppressed nations. It would be a completely fresh kind of relationship. For they would ignore the statehood of these nations, and they straight afraid them. For example, even in the worst period of madness, the fresh Poland should announce a nationwide day of protest against the beasts of the occupier in Afghanistan and send wishes of triumph to this nation. akin expressions of solidarity and support could be addressed to neighbouring nations. It would be crucial that Poland, despite its calamities (ZOMO), gives more political support to the oppressed nations than the West. Thus the process of building a fresh Poland will have a global dimension and significance. The Polish authorities should not leave any global problem without their response. They gotta talk out and origin a retraction of the Polish society regardless of the location of the events, although according to their moral assessment. So they must prosecute a global policy akin in its scope to that of the USSR and the US, but on a completely different level. Free Poland will then become a subject of planet policy on the same rule as the Vatican. By the way of his own example and moving from necessity on a purely moral plane, he will be able to influence the course of planet events. This leads to the global designation of the authorities of the fresh Poland. As indicated in Chapter 1, global conditions are now conducive to specified developments, as the full East is economically dependent on the West, and the authorities of the fresh Poland influencing the public opinion of the planet will be able to influence political and economical relations between authoritative governments through it. This would be a global process akin to what must first take place in Poland's interior relations. It would lead to building not only free Poland, but a fresh world. For this to be possible, it is essential for the societies of the free planet to realize that only their unity and cooperation can be a counterweight to the military power of the USSR. Poland has a work to make this clear to the world.

In order for this to be possible, the Poles themselves must first realize that in conditions of full danger of their existence it is essential to combine their efforts, that any further divisions are just suicide.

And most likely not just political, but national. And contributing to specified divisions is in fact working with the crow to destruct his nation.

April 1982 Krzysztof Piotrowski

4. Current Reflections

The article “Poland Chance” presented the possibilities that were visible at the beginning of the martial law. The proposed program was modelled on Gandhi's activities[23]Which led to India regaining independency and Martin Luther King's activities[24]which led to the abolition of racial segregation in the United States. It was as part of the activities of M. L. King that sit-in actions were introduced to mark a protest in a public place. "Poland Chance" promoting the rule of nonviolence, however, took into account the actual conditions existing in Poland after the introduction of martial law. present we know how the communicative went. any of the demands presented here proved to be unrealistic, others succeeded. But the political breakthrough, which was symbolized by the circular Table, came as a consequence of the reasons that “Poland Chance” showed. The key origin of change was not the strength of Solidarity, but the attitude of society.

The current illegal actions of power and the utilized repression of opponents are nothing like the persecutions encountered by the opposition in the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s. The opposition present has everything we could only dream of in those days. We got out of the oppression at the time, not by the lone conflict of oppositionists, but by the active attitude of the general public, to whom the opposition pointed out the course of action. The current political divisions cannot justify the deficiency of a programme for society by the opposition. In the Polish People's Republic, political divisions were even greater. The number of PZPR members in 1980 was 3.1 million[25] adults and 1.2 million young people associated in a building called the Union of Socialist Polish Youth[26]. But erstwhile Solidarity created a form that enabled everyone to participate actively in the transformation, 10 million people joined it in a short time. The current deficiency of a programme for society and the deficiency of any organisational form to enable cooperation in the process of change. The current political parties have no more than tens of thousands of members (PSL - 73 222 members, PIS - approx. 48,000 members, Civic Platform - 24 497 members, fresh Left - 25 703 members, Confederation - 11 476 members)[27]. But an average citizen has no way of getting active in the transition process unless he becomes a associate of a party. In turn, it is not easy to sign up for writing, for example, and it is not visible that the management depends on expanding the number of members. The writing gave up the creation of a broad front of public support - the alleged patriotic camp which was mentioned last year. There is no effort to gain support from the professional community. all decision in this direction was blocked in fear that it would not be full controlled by the party's leadership. There was no effort to organize specified institutions as the legislature of Polish Culture or the legislature of Polish Science. There is no organization interaction with Polonia. Cooperation with Polish paper Clubs, with Academic Civic Clubs, with

The Association of independency March never went beyond the occasional meetings of people from the leadership of PIS. There is no cooperation with Solidarity or with Agricultural Solidarity. The timid attempts to make common institutions and activities in the form of the alleged "think tanks" or the Election Control Movement were terminated by the written management as "dangerous due to their independence". It is highly sad, but there is no interest in cooperation with another independent institutions and with a wider community in the Scriptures. What is even worse, it is not visible that under the writing there is simply a programme for the repair of the Republic, which could number on broad public support. The average citizen does not know what the program is and how he can support it. Yet, this is expected from the fundamental opposition force that was handed over to the leadership of the change. But it can be seen, just as “Zosia Samosia” from Julian Tuwim’s poem, does not request any support.

Warsaw, 10 January 2025.


[1] Prof. Dr. Jadwiga Staniszkis, Institute of Sociology at the University of Warsaw, advisor to NSZZ Solidarity, changed 15 April 2024

[2] The basic thought of the NRA was to get power, not power, but society.

[3] ‘Cron’ – commonly utilized abbreviation depicting the alleged Military National Rescue Council (WRON). It was a military junta appointed by General Wojciech Jaruzelski to run the state during the martial law introduced in Poland on 13 December 1981. The laws in force were abolished and replaced by "martial law" with a curfew and military supervision of workplaces, which were provided with mandates by military commissioners.

[4] The artistic circles announced a boycott of state media and refused to participate in TV, radio and events that could be utilized by the crow for propaganda activities. The place of independent artistic appearances became church rooms. 5 Military Commissioners

[5] Interim Coordination Commission NSZZ Solidarity – Underground Solidarity Management. Zbigniew Bujak

(Region Mazowisz), Bogdan Lis (Region Gdańsk), Władysław Frasyniuk (Region Lower Silesia), Władysław Hardek (Region Małopolska).

[6] I.e. 1982

[7] car mill in Żerań, Warsaw

[8] I.e. 1982

[9] The Council of common economical Assistance established by Stalin in 1949 was members of Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia Poland, Romania, Hungary, the USSR, later besides Albania, the GDR and Mongolia.

[10] Final act of the Conference on safety and Cooperation in Europe – a paper signed by 35 Heads of State and Government at the conclusion of the Conference on safety and Cooperation in Europe on 1 August 1975 in Helsinki. He established a catalogue of principles, among which was “Respect for human rights and fundamental freedomsIt’s okay. ”

[11] The USSR was dependent on grain imports. Currently, the Russian Federation is simply a crucial exporter of grain – in the last 2 years the export of grain from FR has increased from 59 to 67 million tonnes.

[12] The Falkland Islands/Malwiny War between Britain and Argentina broke out in April 1982.

[13] The common word for massacres on Huguenots (French Reformed Evangelicals – Calvinists) by Catholics in Paris, which took place on the night of 23-24 August 1572

[14] Jacek Kuroń called Poland's finlandization, which referred to the relations between the USSR and Finladia

[15] Independent Student Association formed in 1980 and banned after martial law was introduced 17 Association of Polish Journalists. Following the introduction of martial law in Poland, the state authorities dissolved the SDP, creating the Association of Journalists of the Polish People's Republic. After 1989, the SDP was reactivated and SD PRL changed its name to the Association of Journalists of the Republic of Poland.

[16] The trade union of NSZZ Solidarity formed on 17 September 1980 was delegated on 8 October 1982 by the Law of the Polish Parliament on trade unions and farmers' organizations.

[17] Only last year – 2023 I had the chance to visit a secret transmitter company for Radio Solidarity

[18] It's about VIDEO cassettes that are now out of usage and have been replaced with DVDs 21 advanced frequency

[19] for radio interference Free Europe was built in Poland a full network of transmitters disrupting reception

[20] dealing with the location of emanation sources - transmitters

[21] This form took on the manifestation of the memory of the outbreak of the Warsaw Uprising

[22] This form was taken by residents of ul. Lazurowa in Warsaw walking on the street in the hours of broadcasting the tv diary which is the most serving crow.

[23] Mahatma Gandhi (1869–1948), Indian lawyer, creator of passive opposition strategy, spiritual leader of the National legislature – the largest Indian organization that led to India gaining independency in 1947; shot by political opponent a year later

[24] Martin Luther King (1929 – 1968). American Baptist pastor, creator of a passive opposition strategy against racial segregation in the US, founder and president of the SCLC Conference of Christian confederate Leaders, organizer of the march to Washington in 1963 and historical speech I have a Dram, which yet led to president Lyndon Johnson signing the bill in 1964 Civil Rights Act abolishing racial segregation; shot in 1968 in Memphis

[25] https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polska_United_Partia_Robotnicza

[26] https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zwi%C4%85zek_M%C5%82ode%C5%BCy_Socialist

[27] https://news.radiozet.pl/polska/politics/pis-not-is-biggest-party-in-polska-count-sie-only-kartel-four

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